{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:23:21Z","timestamp":1793057001787,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AuthorWarrantyLicense.v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Military Infectious Diseases Research Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lassa virus is one of the most common causes of viral hemorrhagic fever. A frequent, but as yet unexplained, consequence of infection with Lassa virus is acute, sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss in one or both ears. Deafness is observed in approximately 30% of surviving Lassa fever patients, an attack rate that is approximately 300% higher than mumps virus infection, which was previously thought to be the most common cause of virus-induced deafness. Here, we provide evidence from Lassa virus-infected cynomolgus macaques implicating an immune-mediated vasculitis syndrome underlying the pathology of Lassa fever-associated deafness. These findings could change the way human Lassa fever patients are medically managed in order to prevent deafness by including diagnostic monitoring of human survivors for onset of vasculitides via available imaging methods and\/or other diagnostic markers of immune-mediated vascular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01896-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T08:59:06Z","timestamp":1540803546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Immune-Mediated Systemic Vasculitis as the Proposed Cause of Sudden-Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss following Lassa Virus Exposure in Cynomolgus Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Cashman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiankun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Cardile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Facemire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy J.","family":"Bearss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl I.","family":"Shaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie S.","family":"Schmaljohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Scientists, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05051.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Rats, fever and sudden deafness in Sierra Leone","volume":"22","author":"Cummins D","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cummins D. 1992. Rats, fever and sudden deafness in Sierra Leone. Trop Doct 22:83\u201384.","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989210600303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-3-36"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"559","article-title":"Lassa fever and sudden hearing loss","volume":"109","author":"Simmons FB","year":"1993","unstructured":"Simmons FB. 1993. Lassa fever and sudden hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 109:559.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"737","volume-title":"Scott-Brown\u2019s diseases of the ear, nose, and throat","author":"Booth J","year":"1979","unstructured":"Booth J. 1979. Diagnosis and management of sudden fluctuant sensorineural hearing loss, p 737\u2013783. In Ballantyne JG, Groves J (ed), Scott-Brown\u2019s diseases of the ear, nose, and throat, vol 4. Butterworth's, London, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450160089037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450160063030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1370-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02948-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.5.580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.206.2.9457197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Bilateral testicular infarction and orchiectomy as a complication of polyarteritis nodosa","volume":"9","author":"Stroup SP","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stroup SP, Herrera SR, Crain DS. 2007. Bilateral testicular infarction and orchiectomy as a complication of polyarteritis nodosa. Rev Urol 9:235\u2013238.","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36322-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IJGC:25:1:53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i3.1014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"144","article-title":"Idiopathic and secondary vasculitis: a review","volume":"2","author":"Churg J","year":"1989","unstructured":"Churg J, Churg A. 1989. Idiopathic and secondary vasculitis: a review. Mod Pathol 2:144\u2013160.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-006-0918-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"74","article-title":"Brainstem auditory evoked responses and ophthalmic findings in llamas and alpacas in Eastern Canada","volume":"47","author":"Webb AA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Webb AA, Cullen CL, Lamont LA. 2006. Brainstem auditory evoked responses and ophthalmic findings in llamas and alpacas in Eastern Canada. Can Vet J 47:74\u201377.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00189-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(81)80026-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00465544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2009.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(87)80032-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otorri.2009.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(98)80051-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-013-0869-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","first-page":"196","article-title":"Serum cytokine changes in systemic vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Grau GE","year":"1989","unstructured":"Grau GE, Roux-Lombard P, Gysler C, Lambert C, Lambert PH, Dayer JM, Guillevin L. 1989. Serum cytokine changes in systemic vasculitis. Immunology 68:196\u2013198.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17402520400001744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2675-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.2.1109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5742","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.12.5742","article-title":"Targeting the IL-15 receptor with an antagonist IL-15 mutant\/Fc gamma2a protein blocks delayed-type hypersensitivity","volume":"160","author":"Kim YS","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kim YS, Maslinski W, Zheng XX, Stevens AC, Li XC, Tesch GH, Kelley VR, Strom TB. 1998. Targeting the IL-15 receptor with an antagonist IL-15 mutant\/Fc gamma2a protein blocks delayed-type hypersensitivity. J Immunol 160:5742\u20135748.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.9.4465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.3.1123","article-title":"CD40 ligand is a limiting factor in the humoral response to T cell-dependent antigens","volume":"163","author":"Perez-Melgosa M","year":"1999","unstructured":"Perez-Melgosa M, Hollenbaugh D, Wilson CB. 1999. CD40 ligand is a limiting factor in the humoral response to T cell-dependent antigens. J Immunol 163:1123\u20131127.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3116","article-title":"Human rheumatoid factor production is dependent on CD40 signaling and autoantigen","volume":"163","author":"Kyburz D","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kyburz D, Corr M, Brinson DC, Von Damm A, Tighe H, Carson DA. 1999. Human rheumatoid factor production is dependent on CD40 signaling and autoantigen. J Immunol 163:3116\u20133122.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.11.947"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(72)90268-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Clinical observations in 42 patients with Lassa fever","volume":"31","author":"Knobloch J","year":"1980","unstructured":"Knobloch J, McCormick JB, Webb PA, Dietrich M, Schumacher HH, Dennis E. 1980. Clinical observations in 42 patients with Lassa fever. Tropenmed Parasitol 31:389\u2013398.","journal-title":"Tropenmed Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"Pathologic and virologic study of fatal Lassa fever in man","volume":"107","author":"Walker DH","year":"1982","unstructured":"Walker DH, McCormick JB, Johnson KM, Webb PA, Komba-Kono G, Elliott LH, Gardner JJ. 1982. Pathologic and virologic study of fatal Lassa fever in man. Am J Pathol 107:349\u2013356.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","first-page":"599","article-title":"Lassa virus hepatitis. Observations on a fatal case from the 1972 Sierra Leone epidemic","volume":"99","author":"Winn WC","year":"1975","unstructured":"Winn WC, Jr, Monath TP, Murphy FA, Whitfield SG. 1975. Lassa virus hepatitis. Observations on a fatal case from the 1972 Sierra Leone epidemic. Arch Pathol 99:599\u2013604.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","first-page":"535","article-title":"The pathology of human Lassa fever","volume":"52","author":"Winn WC","year":"1975","unstructured":"Winn WC, Jr, Walker DH. 1975. The pathology of human Lassa fever. Bull World Health Organ 52:535\u2013545.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines1030262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.02.012"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert","family":"Garry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.01896-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.01896-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T09:51:42Z","timestamp":1693993902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.01896-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Diane E.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mBio.01896-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.01896-18","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.734324389.793555407","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2161-2129","2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-2129","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01896-18"}}