{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:10:19Z","timestamp":1790298619715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AuthorWarrantyLicense.v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sand flies are the natural vectors of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites. Studies of sand fly\/\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    interactions have been limited by the lack of successful genomic manipulation of these insects. This paper shows the first example of successful targeted mutagenesis in sand flies via adaptation of the CRISPR\/Cas9 editing technique. We generated transmissible\n                    <jats:italic>null<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant alleles of\n                    <jats:italic>relish<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a gene known to be essential for the control of immune response in other insects. In addition to the expected higher level of susceptibility to bacteria, the mutant flies presented higher loads of parasites when infected with\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. major<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , showing that the sand fly immune response impacts its vector competence for this pathogen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01941-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T05:40:48Z","timestamp":1566798048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["CRISPR\/Cas9 Mutagenesis in Phlebotomus papatasi: the Immune Deficiency Pathway Impacts Vector Competence for Leishmania major"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Louradour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy 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