{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:43:16Z","timestamp":1791873796829,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Postgraduate Award"},{"name":"Public Health Service Grant","award":["AI93257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI93257"]}]},{"name":"Public Health Service Grant","award":["AI73896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI73896"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI110818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI110818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cryptococcosis results in hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa.\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an encapsulated yeast, and during infection, cells have the capacity for substantial morphological changes, including capsule enlargement and shedding and variations in cell shape and size. In this study, we examined 70\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates causing meningitis in HIV\/AIDS patients in Botswana in order to look for associations between phenotypic variation and clinical symptoms. Four variant phenotypes were seen across strains: giant cells of \u226515\u2009\u00b5m, micro cells of \u22641\u2009\u00b5m, shed extracellular capsule, and irregularly shaped cells. We found that \u201clarge\u201d and \u201csmall\u201d phenotypes were associated with differing disease symptoms, indicating that their production may be important during the disease process. Overall, our study indicates that\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains that can switch on cell types under different situations may be more able to sustain infection and resist the host response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02016-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T06:18:27Z","timestamp":1540189107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Phenotypic Variability Correlates with Clinical Outcome in\n                    <i>Cryptococcus<\/i>\n                    Isolates Obtained from Botswanan HIV\/AIDS Patients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kenya E.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Brockway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Haverkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5778-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina A.","family":"Cuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floris","family":"van Ogtrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Perfect","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dee A.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(08)01005-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI). 2017. 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