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Achieving the long-term goal of elimination of onchocerciasis, however, requires additional tools, including drugs, vaccines, and biomarkers of infection. Here, we describe the transcriptome and proteome profiles of the major vector and the human host stages (L1, L2, L3, molting L3, L4, adult male, and adult female) of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:named-content>\n            along with the proteome of each parasitic stage and of its\n            <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n            endosymbiont (\n            <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n            Ov). In so doing, we have identified stage-specific pathways important to the parasite\u2019s adaptation to its human host during its early development. Further, we generated a protein array that, when screened with well-characterized human samples, identified novel diagnostic biomarkers of\n            <jats:italic>O.\u00a0volvulus<\/jats:italic>\n            infection and new potential vaccine candidates. This immunomic approach not only demonstrates the power of this postgenomic discovery platform but also provides additional tools for onchocerciasis control programs.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            The global onchocerciasis (river blindness) elimination program will have to rely on the development of new tools (drugs, vaccines, biomarkers) to achieve its goals by 2025. As an adjunct to the completed genomic sequencing of\n            <jats:italic>O.\u00a0volvulus<\/jats:italic>\n            , we used a comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic profiling strategy to gain a comprehensive understanding of both the vector-derived and human host-derived parasite stages. In so doing, we have identified proteins and pathways that enable novel drug targeting studies and the discovery of novel vaccine candidates, as well as useful biomarkers of active infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02028-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T03:40:35Z","timestamp":1479958835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Stage-Specific Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses of the Filarial Parasite Onchocerca volvulus and Its\n            <i>Wolbachia<\/i>\n            Endosymbiont"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sasisekhar","family":"Bennuru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose M. 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