{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:16:23Z","timestamp":1791504983563,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation","award":["CU 18-2692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CU 18-2692"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI-027044-29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI-027044-29"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Tick-borne diseases have increased in prevalence in the United States and abroad. The reasons for these increases are multifactorial, but climate change is likely to be a major factor. One of the main features of the increase is the geographic expansion of tick vectors, notably\n            <jats:italic>Amblyomma americanum<\/jats:italic>\n            , which has brought new pathogens to new areas. The clinical spectrum of tick-borne diseases can range from asymptomatic to fatal infections, with a disproportionate incidence in children and the elderly. In addition, new pathogens that are cotransmitted by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:named-content>\n            have been discovered and have led to difficult diagnoses and to disease severity. Of these,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the agent of Lyme disease, continues to be the most frequently transmitted pathogen. However,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Babesia microti<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia miyamotoi<\/jats:named-content>\n            (another spirochete),\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and Powassan virus are frequent cotransmitted agents. Polymicrobial infection has important consequences for the diagnosis and management of tick-borne diseases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02055-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T12:35:27Z","timestamp":1568032527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Polymicrobial Nature of Tick-Borne Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Sanchez-Vicente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Tagliafierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Benach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafal","family":"Tokarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511551802.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6717e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-4-804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0302.970209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1320","article-title":"Babesiosis on Shelter Island","volume":"77","author":"Grunwaldt E","year":"1977","unstructured":"Grunwaldt E. 1977. 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