{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:03:19Z","timestamp":1793221399975,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]],"date-time":"2018-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 GM118101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM118101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI00758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI00758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM-Israel Partnership for Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM-Israel Partnership for Research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM Endowment for the Basic Sciences Innovation Initiative"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM Endowment for the Basic Sciences Innovation Initiative"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    causes the disease anthrax, which is transmitted via its dormant, spore phase. However, conversion from bacillus to spore is a complex, energetically costly process that requires many nutrients, including iron.\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. anthracis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    requires the siderophore petrobactin to scavenge iron from host environments. We show that, in the Sterne strain, petrobactin is required for efficient sporulation, even when ample iron is available. The petrobactin biosynthesis operon is expressed during sporulation, and petrobactin is biosynthesized during growth in high-iron sporulation medium, but instead of being exported, the petrobactin remains intracellular to protect against oxidative stress and improve sporulation. It is also required for full growth and sporulation in blood (bovine), an essential step for anthrax transmission between mammalian hosts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02079-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]],"date-time":"2018-11-06T05:47:27Z","timestamp":1541483247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Petrobactin Protects against Oxidative Stress and Enhances Sporulation Efficiency in Bacillus anthracis Sterne"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ada K.","family":"Hagan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael M.","family":"Plotnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Dingle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary I.","family":"Mendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Cendrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashootosh","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03133-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.9.5545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2005.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700730219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2005.02736.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.19.5505-5512.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01644-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for the surveillance and control of anthrax in human and animals","author":"Turnbull PCB","year":"1998","unstructured":"Turnbull PCB. 1998. 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