{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:09:55Z","timestamp":1779916195089,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD1801600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1801600"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear steroid receptor that regulates the expression of genes across various biological functions. However, the role of VDR in pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection has not yet been explored. We discovered that VDR positively influenced PRV proliferation because knockdown of VDR impaired PRV proliferation, whereas its overexpression promoted it. Additionally, we observed that PRV infection upregulated VDR transcription alongside 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD\n              <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n              ) synthesis, contingent on p53 activation. Furthermore, VDR knockdown hindered PRV-induced lipid synthesis, implicating VDR\u2019s involvement in this process. To decipher the mechanism behind VDR\u2019s stimulation of lipid synthesis during PRV infection, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and found significant enrichment of genes in the Ca\n              <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n              signaling pathway. Measurements of Ca\n              <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n              indicated that VDR facilitated Ca\n              <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n              absorption. Moreover, the PI3K\/AKT\/mTORC1 and AMPK\/mTORC1 pathways were also enriched in our RNA-seq data. Interfering with VDR expression, or chelating Ca\n              <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n              using BAPTA-AM, markedly impacted the activation of PI3K\/AKT\/mTORC1 and AMPK\/mTORC1 pathways, lipid synthesis, and PRV proliferation. In summary, our study demonstrates that PRV infection promotes VDR expression, thereby enhancing Ca\n              <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n              absorption and activating PI3K\/AKT\/mTORC1- and AMPK\/mTORC1-mediated lipid synthesis. Our findings offer new insights into strategies for PRV prevention.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                Vitamin D, beyond its well-known benefits for bone health and immune function, also plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression through its receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Although VDR\u2019s influence spans multiple biological processes, its relationship with viral infections, particularly pseudorabies virus (PRV), remains underexplored. Our research illustrates a complex interplay where PRV infection boosts VDR expression, which in turn enhances Ca\n                <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                absorption, leading to the activation of critical lipid synthesis pathways, PI3K\/AKT\/mTORC1 and AMPK\/mTORC1. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the intricate dynamics between host molecular mechanisms and viral proliferation but also open avenues for exploring new strategies aimed at preventing PRV infection. By targeting components of the VDR-related signaling pathways, we can potentially develop novel therapeutic interventions against PRV and possibly other similar viral infections.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02137-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T15:11:59Z","timestamp":1730301119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The vitamin D receptor is essential for the replication of pseudorabies virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of 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China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7505-6143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Li","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","place":["Zhengzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University","place":["Zhengzhou, 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