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By applying a flow cytometry-based selection to infected mouse cells expressing green fluorescent protein fused to c-Myc (c-Myc\u2013GFP), we isolated mutant tachyzoites defective in this host c-Myc up-regulation. Whole-genome sequencing of three such mutants led to the identification of\n                    <jats:italic>MYR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:underline>My<\/jats:underline>\n                    c\n                    <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n                    egulation\n                    <jats:underline>1<\/jats:underline>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>TGGT1_254470<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as essential for c-Myc induction. MYR1 is a secreted protein that requires TgASP5 to be cleaved into two stable portions, both of which are ultimately found within the parasitophorous vacuole and at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>MYR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed that in addition to its requirement for c-Myc up-regulation, the MYR1 protein is needed for the ability of\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    tachyzoites to modulate several other important host pathways, including those mediated by the dense granule effectors GRA16 and GRA24. This result, combined with its location at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane, suggested that MYR1 might be a component of the machinery that translocates\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    effectors from the parasitophorous vacuole into the host cytosol. Support for this possibility was obtained by showing that transit of GRA24 to the host nucleus is indeed MYR1-dependent. As predicted by this pleiotropic phenotype, parasites deficient in\n                    <jats:italic>MYR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were found to be severely attenuated in a mouse model of infection. We conclude, therefore, that MYR1 is a novel protein that plays a critical role in how\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    delivers effector proteins to the infected host cell and that this is crucial to virulence.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is an important human pathogen and a model for the study of intracellular parasitism. Infection of the host cell with\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    tachyzoites involves the introduction of protein effectors, including many that are initially secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole but must ultimately translocate to the host cell cytosol to function. The work reported here identified a novel protein that is required for this translocation. These results give new insight into a very unusual cell biology process as well as providing a potential handle on a pathway that is necessary for virulence and, therefore, a new potential target for chemotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02231-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T21:03:28Z","timestamp":1454447008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["A Novel Secreted Protein, MYR1, Is Central to\n                    <i>Toxoplasma<\/i>\n                    \u2019s Manipulation of Host Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"},{"name":"Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Panas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole D.","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chong Wendy","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry R.","family":"Buchholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 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