{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:26:50Z","timestamp":1787012810058,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"HHS | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200201461029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200201461029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Enteroviruses frequently result in respiratory and gastrointestinal illness; however, multiple subtypes, including poliovirus, can cause severe neurologic disease. Recent biennial increases (i.e., 2014, 2016, and 2018) in cases of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis have led to speculations that other enteroviruses, specifically enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), are emerging to fill the niche that was left from poliovirus eradication. A cluster of 11 suspect cases of pediatric acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) was identified in 2016 in Phoenix, AZ. Multiple genomic analyses identified the presence of EV-D68 in the majority of clinical AFM cases. Beyond limited detection of herpesvirus, no other likely etiologies were found in the cluster. These findings strengthen the likelihood that EV-D68 is a cause of AFM and show that the rapid molecular assays developed for this study are useful for investigations of AFM and EV-D68.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02262-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T11:46:35Z","timestamp":1548071195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Genomic Analyses of Acute Flaccid Myelitis Cases among a Cluster in Arizona Provide Further Evidence of Enterovirus D68 Role"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jolene R.","family":"Bowers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Valentine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viacheslav Y.","family":"Fofanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gillece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josie","family":"Delisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Schupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystal","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrin","family":"Lemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Ostdiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harlori K.","family":"Bains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Heim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Sylvester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siru","family":"Prasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Kretschmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Fowle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamabbas Amin","family":"Ostovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maricopa Integrated Health System, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Alsop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hutchins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-5820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"},{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5945-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Engelthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2016-0103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.043935-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70093-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62457-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2208.151949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"903","article-title":"Acute flaccid paralysis with anterior myelitis\u2014California, June 2012\u2013June 2014","volume":"63","author":"Ayscue P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ayscue P, Van Haren K, Sheriff H, Waubant E, Waldron P, Yagi S, Yen C, Clayton A, Padilla T, Pan C, Reichel J, Harriman K, Watt J, Sejvar J, Nix WA, Feikin D, Glaser C, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. Acute flaccid paralysis with anterior myelitis\u2014California, June 2012\u2013June 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63:903\u2013906.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.17275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.44.20952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.46.30403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018. AFM investigation. https:www.cdc.gov\/acute-flaccid-myelitis\/afm-surveillance.html. Accessed 16 October 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01349-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2301.161313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6628a4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-014-0087-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.09.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.19.2.144-146.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607077104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2017.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.3.17-00310"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30094-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01954-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.37.1700711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health. 2018. NYS Department of Health confirms cases of serious respiratory virus. https:\/\/www.health.ny.gov\/press\/releases\/2018\/2018-10-12_enterovirus_ev_d68.htm. Accessed 16 October 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24765"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6631a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/2010-0174-CR.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enterovirus surveillance\u2014United States, 1970\u20132005","volume":"55","author":"Khetsuriani N","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khetsuriani N, Lamonte-Fowlkes A, Oberst S, Pallansch MA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006. Enterovirus surveillance\u2014United States, 1970\u20132005. MMWR Surveill Summ 55:1\u201320.","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.170792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","volume-title":"Rapid risk assessment\u2014enterovirus detections associated with severe neurological symptoms in children and adults in European countries.","author":"Anonymous","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2016. Rapid risk assessment\u2014enterovirus detections associated with severe neurological symptoms in children and adults in European countries. European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b13590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2015.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(17)30196-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004416"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01350-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0220OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00556-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000145410.64610.ac","article-title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with enteroviral infection","volume":"23","author":"Saitoh A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saitoh A, Sawyer MH, Leake JA. 2004. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with enteroviral infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:1174\u20131175.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2014.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314560426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/734676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3199-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00927-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21934"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.112730.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00535-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbs012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01394-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184335"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.02262-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.02262-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T18:56:03Z","timestamp":1662836163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.02262-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Palese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mBio.02262-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.02262-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-2129","2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-2129","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02262-18"}}