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Within this ecosystem, microbes engage in cooperative and competitive interactions shaped by nutrient availability, immune modulation, and interkingdom chemical signaling, collectively influencing microbial persistence and pathogenic potential. While traditional studies have largely focused on single-pathogen infections, emerging evidence highlights the role of polymicrobial interactions\u2014both synergistic and antagonistic\u2014between pathogens and the respiratory microbiota in shaping disease progression in respiratory disorders. This minireview summarizes recent advances in understanding these complex microbial interactions and highlights key knowledge gaps and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02330-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:00:56Z","timestamp":1789477256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fungal\u2013bacterial interactions in the respiratory tract: from microbial interplay to clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3411-0222","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lindsay G.","family":"Pauls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037s24f05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University","place":["Clemson, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Mertz","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2986-350X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gustavo H.","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01150px97","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-2137","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen K.","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037s24f05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University","place":["Clemson, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00430-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30309-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00803-2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54093-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Medical microbiology","author":"Dasaraju PV","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dasaraju PV, Liu C. 1996. 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