{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:39:21Z","timestamp":1785767961643,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]],"date-time":"2014-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]]},"DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02366-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,13]],"date-time":"2014-12-13T02:36:36Z","timestamp":1418438196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Moratorium on Research Intended To Create Novel Potential Pandemic Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Lipsitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas V.","family":"Inglesby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Center for Health Security, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"KlotzLC\nSylvesterEJ\n. 2012. The unacceptable risks of a man-made pandemic. Bull. At. Sci. http:\/\/thebulletin.org\/unacceptable-risks-man-made-pandemic."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"KaiserJ\n. 17 November 2014. Moratorium on risky virology studies leaves work at 14 institutions in limbo. ScienceInsider. http:\/\/news.sciencemag.org\/biology\/2014\/11\/moratorium-risky-virology-studies-leaves-work-14-institutions-limbo?rss=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"US Government\n. 17 October 2014. Government gain-of-function deliberative process and research funding pause on selected gain-of-function research involving influenza MERS and SARS viruses. Department of Health and Human Services Washington DC. http:\/\/www.phe.gov\/s3\/dualuse\/Documents\/gain-of-function.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001646"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153567601201700402"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"US Department of Homeland Security\n. December 2008. National Bio and Agro-defense Facility final environmental impact statement appendix B. US Department of Homeland Security Washington DC. http:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/xlibrary\/assets\/nbaf_feis_appendix_b.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-252"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services\n. 2007. Interim pre-pandemic planning guidance: Community strategy for pandemic influenza mitigation in the United States\u2014Early targeted layered use of nonpharmaceutical interventions."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12074"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1221434"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121297109"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/501033e"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2666"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","volume-title":"Biosecurity challenges of the global expansion of high-containment biological laboratories","author":"Hottes AK","year":"2012","unstructured":"HottesAK RusekB SharplesF Committee on Anticipating Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High Containment Biological LaboratoriesNational Academy of SciencesNational Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity challenges of the global expansion of high-containment biological laboratories. National Academies Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"LipsitchM\nGalvaniA\n. 19 June 2014. Commentary: the case against \u201cgain-of-function\u201d experiments: a reply to Fouchier & Kawaoka. Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN. http:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/news-perspective\/2014\/06\/commentary-case-against-gain-function-experiments-reply-fouchier-kawaoka."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JongesM\nMeijerA\nFouchierRA\nKochG\nLiJ\nPanJC\nChenH\nShuYL\nKoopmansMP\n. 2013. Guiding outbreak management by the use of influenza A(H7Nx) virus sequence analysis. Euro Surveill. 18:20460. http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20460.","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.16.20460-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01783-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000252"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10831"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02634-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03883.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01875-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690600673940"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"US Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee\n. 24 January 2013 posting date. Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee 132nd Meeting: biosafety considerations for research with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 that is transmissible between mammals by respiratory droplets. Video 6:49:22 posted by NIH Center for Information Technology (see 1 h 34 min). http:\/\/videocast.nih.gov\/summary.asp?Live=12452&bhcp=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"RoosR\n. 2008. EU approves its first prepandemic H5N1 vaccine. Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN. http:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/news-perspective\/2008\/05\/eu-approves-its-first-prepandemic-h5n1-vaccine."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","unstructured":"NIH\n. Accessed 18 November 2014. http:\/\/projectreporter.nih.gov\/reporter.cfm (search for active projects with \u201cinfluenza \u201d \u201ccoronavirus \u201d \u201cSARS \u201d or \u201cMERS\u201d in the title). NIH Bethesda MD."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02534-14","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,10]],"date-time":"2015-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423526400000}}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.02366-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.02366-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T01:50:46Z","timestamp":1646704246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.02366-14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mBio.02366-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.02366-14","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1128\/mBio.02534-14","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2161-2129","2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-2129","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-12-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02366-14"}}