{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:25:53Z","timestamp":1792729553081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The rise of bacterial antibiotic resistance coupled with a reduction in new antibiotic development has placed significant burdens on global health care. Resistant bacterial pathogens such as methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and vancomycin-resistant\n            <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            are leading causes of community- and hospital-acquired infection and present a significant clinical challenge. These pathogens have acquired resistance to broad classes of antimicrobials. Furthermore,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a significant disease agent among Indigenous Australians, has now acquired resistance to several antibiotic classes. With a rise in antibiotic resistance and reduction in new antibiotic discovery, it is imperative to investigate alternative therapeutic regimens that complement the use of current antibiotic treatment strategies. As stated by the WHO Director-General, \u201cOn current trends, common diseases may become untreatable. Doctors facing patients will have to say, Sorry, there is nothing I can do for you.\u201d\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02391-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T09:30:16Z","timestamp":1544434216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Chemical Synergy between Ionophore PBT2 and Zinc Reverses Antibiotic Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bohlmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M. P.","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim M.","family":"El-Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6632-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin B.","family":"Brazel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichaela","family":"Harbison-Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl-lynn Y.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Rivera-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Cork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3426-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh-Duy","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia T.","family":"Soderholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6141-5179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme R.","family":"Nimmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland Central Laboratory, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Dougan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4863-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Schembri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair G.","family":"McEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6302-7524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"von Itzstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1596-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"McDevitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2017. Global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research, discovery, and development of new antibiotics. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/publications\/WHO-PPL-Short_Summary_25Feb-ET_NM_WHO.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"EARS-Net. 2018. European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). http:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/activities\/surveillance\/EARS-Net\/Pages\/index.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/biggest_threats.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"The state of the world\u2019s antibiotics","author":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy. 2015. The state of the world\u2019s antibiotics, 2015. Center for Disease Dynmics, Economics & Policy, Washington, DC. https:\/\/cddep.org\/sites\/default\/files\/swa_2015_final.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3975"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-129011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70262-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70167-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.647099"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Barnham KJ Gautier ECL Kok GB Krippner G. July 2008. Preparation of 8-hydroxyquinolines for treatment of neurological conditions. US patent 20080161353A1."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"M100 performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2017. M100 performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 27th ed. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.","edition":"27"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68231-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.108-118.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5620-5623.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.94331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/303526a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.12478"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.06.010306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2001. Environmental health criteria 221: zinc. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/ipcs\/publications\/ehc\/ehc_221\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700350614"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-48-13311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0849-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","volume-title":"RStudio: integrated development for R.","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2015","unstructured":"RStudio Team. 2015. RStudio: integrated development for R. RStudio, Inc, Boston, MA."}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"contributor":[{"given":"William","family":"Shafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Zinkernagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"reviewer"}]}],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.02391-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.02391-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T02:42:36Z","timestamp":1646707356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.02391-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Kline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mBio.02391-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.02391-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-2129","2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-2129","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02391-18"}}