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More importantly, this disease diminishes the quality of life of young children. OM is often chronic and recurrent, due to the presence of highly antibiotic-resistant communities of bacteria (called biofilms) that persist within the middle ear space. To combat these recalcitrant infections, new and powerful biofilm-directed approaches are needed. Here, we describe the ability to disrupt a biofilm formed by the two most common bacteria that cause chronic and recurrent OM in children, via an approach that combines the power of vaccines with that of traditional antibiotics. An outcome of this strategy is that antibiotics can more easily kill the bacteria that our vaccine-induced antibodies have released from the biofilm. We believe that this approach holds great promise for both the prevention and treatment of OM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02423-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T11:08:31Z","timestamp":1543835311000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Antibodies against the Majority Subunit (PilA) of the Type IV Pilus of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Disperse Moraxella catarrhalis from a Dual-Species Biofilm"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Mokrzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Novotny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research 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