{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:25:38Z","timestamp":1788931538499,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20K22784,24K18438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K22784,24K18438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22jk0210041h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22jk0210041h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae,<\/jats:italic>\n              the causative agent of cholera, displays remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental conditions through morphological changes that enhance its pathogenicity and influence the global epidemiology of the disease. This study examines the motility differences between filamentous and comma-shaped forms of the\n              <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n              O1 strain under various viscosity conditions. Utilizing the El Tor strain, we induced filamentous transformation and conducted a comparative analysis with the canonical comma-shaped morphology. Our methodology involved assessing motility patterns, swimming speeds, rotation rates, kinematics, and reversal frequencies using dark-field microscopy and high-speed imaging techniques. The results show that filamentous\n              <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n              cells retain enhanced motility in viscous environments, indicating an evolutionary adaptation for survival in varied habitats, particularly the human gastrointestinal tract. Filamentous forms exhibited increased reversal behavior at mucin interfaces, suggesting an advantage in penetrating the mucus layer. Furthermore, the presence of filamentous cells in bile-supplemented medium underscores their relevance in natural infection scenarios.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              This study highlights the enhanced motility of filamentous\n              <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n              in viscous environments, an adaptation that may provide a survival advantage in the human gastrointestinal tract. By demonstrating increased reversal behavior at mucin interfaces, filamentous\n              <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n              cells exhibit a superior ability to penetrate the mucus layer, which is crucial for effective colonization and infection. Filamentous cells in bile-supplemented media further underscores their potential role in disease pathogenesis. These findings offer critical insights into the morphological flexibility of\n              <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n              and its potential implications for infection dynamics, paving the way for more effective strategies in managing and preventing cholera outbreaks.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02469-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T15:49:32Z","timestamp":1732895372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The role of morphological adaptability in\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            \u2019s motility"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1503-5623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","place":["Nishihara, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University","place":["Sendai, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University","place":["Nagasaki, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Chac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Markiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Matsunami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Okinawa, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Kuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","place":["Nishihara, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","place":["Nishihara, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munirul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6170-4306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana A.","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3972-7779","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuichi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University","place":["Sendai, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8458-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsu","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus","place":["Nishihara, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001423"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384730-0.00346-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","volume-title":"Cholera \u2013 epidemiology, prevention and controlsignificance, prevention and control of food related diseases","author":"Jahan S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jahan S. 2016. 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