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If their role in mediating allergic conditions is established, several studies now highlight their importance during infection with extracellular pathogens. This study showed a new and effective antimicrobial mechanism of MCs against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:named-content>, an intracellular bacterium whose infection during pregnancy is associated with abortion, preterm labor, and stillbirth. The data reveal that in response to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>, MCs release extracellular actin filaments that contain antimicrobial agents and are capable to trap and kill bacteria. We show that this mechanism is dependent on the cooperation of two membrane receptors, CD36 and Toll-like receptor 4, and may occur in the placenta during pregnancy by using<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>placental MCs. Overall, this study reports an unexpected role for MCs during infection with intracellular bacteria and suggests that MC response to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection is a protective defense mechanism during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02669-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T10:41:36Z","timestamp":1555324896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Mast Cell Cytonemes as a Defense Mechanism against Coxiella burnetii"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Soraya","family":"Mezouar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Vitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"},{"name":"APHM, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, UF Immunologie, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gorvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCM, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, UM105, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Ben Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCM, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, UM105, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Desnues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Mege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille, France"},{"name":"APHM, IHU-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, UF Immunologie, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.4.1490","article-title":"Mast cells process bacterial Ags through a phagocytic route for class I MHC presentation to T cells","volume":"156","author":"Malaviya R","year":"1996","unstructured":"Malaviya R, Twesten NJ, Ross EA, Abraham SN, Pfeifer JD. 1996. 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