{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:47:27Z","timestamp":1783594047136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI099278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI099278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. Most chlamydia genital infections resolve without serious consequences; however, untreated infection in women can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Antibiotics are very effective in treating chlamydia, but most genital infections in both men and women are asymptomatic and go undiagnosed. Therefore, there is a critical need for an effective vaccine. In this work, we show that a mutant chlamydia strain, having substantially reduced virulence for genital infection, colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and produces robust immunity to genital challenge with fully virulent wild-type chlamydia. These results are an important advance in understanding chlamydial virulence and provide compelling evidence that safe and effective live-attenuated chlamydia vaccines may be feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02770-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T13:43:57Z","timestamp":1604324637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Genital Infection-Attenuated Chlamydia muridarum Mutant Infects the Gastrointestinal Tract and Protects against Genital Tract Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sandra G.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Giebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkaprabha","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9747-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard P.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2019","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018. US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5758387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1502599"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01405-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00543-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01244-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02398-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200210000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318195c31a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.5.833"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1832-1840.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203937200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/525285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00429-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00265-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00321-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00141-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01324-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Chlamydial infections: proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium on Human Chlamydial Infections","author":"Geibel A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geibel A, Morrison R, Morrison S, Suchland RJ, Toh E, Nelson DE. 2014. Characterization of Chlamydia muridarum mutant that is attenuated in vivo, p 105\u2013109. In Schachter J, Byrne GI, Chernesky MA, Clarke IN, Darville T, Hook EW, III, Mabey DC, Paavonen J, Starnbach M, Stephens RS, Timms P, Wyrick P (ed), Chlamydial infections: proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium on Human Chlamydial Infections."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00673-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00432-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3686-3689.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH15175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00763-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31821890e9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"647","article-title":"Anorectal and enteric infections in homosexual men","volume":"142","author":"Rompalo AM","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rompalo AM, Stamm WE. 1985. Anorectal and enteric infections in homosexual men. West J Med 142:647\u2013652.","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00630-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102229108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01343-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01817-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2017_76"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00366-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.31.3.1161-1176.1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.3013-3019.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00385-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00749-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.12.4661-4668.1995"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.02770-20","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.02770-20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T03:07:41Z","timestamp":1646708861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.02770-20"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Scot P.","family":"Ouellette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mBio.02770-20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.02770-20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-2129","2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-2129","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e02770-20"}}