{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:34:59Z","timestamp":1785429299630,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023885","name":"All of Us Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI087390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI087390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023885","name":"All of Us Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI150455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI150455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>HIV-1 viral core transport to the nucleus, an early infection event, triggers the redistribution of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factors (CPSF) 5 and CPSF6 to nuclear speckles, forming puncta-like structures. CPSF5 and CPSF6 regulate alternative polyadenylation (APA), which governs approximately 70% of gene expression. APA alters the lengths of mRNA 3\u2019-untranslated regions (3\u2032-UTRs), which contain regulatory signals influencing RNA stability, localization, and function. We investigated whether HIV-1 infection\u2013induced changes in CPSF5 and CPSF6 subcellular localization are accompanied by APA changes. Using two independent methodologies to assess APA in human cell lines and primary CD4+ T cells, we found that HIV-1 infection regulates APA, shaped by the interaction of CPSF6 with the viral capsid, recapitulating the APA phenotype observed in CPSF6 knockout cells. Our study demonstrates that HIV-1 infection leverages the interaction between the viral capsid and CPSF6 to co-opt cellular processes, alter gene expression, and potentially contribute to viral pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>The interaction between HIV-1 and the cellular protein CPSF6 has been known for over 15 years; however, depletion of CPSF6 does not impair productive infection. An alternative possibility is that the virus exploits this protein to modulate cellular processes. This study demonstrates that HIV-1 infection alters the cellular function of CPSF6, an essential regulator of alternative polyadenylation\u2014a mechanism that controls 70% of gene expression. Here, we show that HIV-1 regulates gene expression by disrupting the alternative polyadenylation function of CPSF6 through direct interaction. Overall, this reveals a novel strategy employed by the virus to modulate cellular gene expression.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02865-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T14:37:19Z","timestamp":1765982239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HIV-1 infection regulates gene expression by altering alternative polyadenylation correlated with CPSF6 and CPSF5 redistribution"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Luchsinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cf8a891","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine","place":["Bronx, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie 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