{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:52:53Z","timestamp":1785433973368,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI165578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI165578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI182596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI182596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI191670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI191670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that establish lifelong infection and are associated with the development of cancer and multiple sclerosis. Unlike other viral families, gammaherpesviruses selectively target B cells to establish chronic infection. Specifically, gammaherpesvirus-driven differentiation of latently infected cells through the germinal center supports chronic infection and seeds viral lymphomagenesis. CD11c\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells are induced by most viral infections and are also observed in aged individuals and autoimmune diseases. Classically, CD11c\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells differentiate via an extrafollicular pathway that does not involve germinal center response, generating antibodies of beneficial (antiviral) or pathogenic (self-reactive) nature. While CD11c\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells are induced during B cell-tropic gammaherpesvirus infection, their role in chronic infection remains poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that infection of the CD11c\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells, including those expressing germinal center markers, contributes to the overall latent gammaherpesvirus reservoir during natural infection. Both T-bet\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and T-bet\n                      <jats:sup>neg<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD11c\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cell subsets expanded and underwent germinal center differentiation during chronic gammaherpesvirus infection. Furthermore, B cell-intrinsic T-bet expression attenuated the long-term latent viral reservoir, gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center responses, and differentiation of self-reactive B cells. In summary, our study for the first time defines CD11c\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      splenic B cells as a reservoir of latent gammaherpesvirus during mucosal chronic infection and reveals an important role of T-bet\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells in controlling long-term infection and gammaherpesvirus-driven pathogenic host processes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that are associated with cancer and multiple sclerosis. These viruses selectively infect B cells and drive their differentiation through the germinal center response to establish chronic infection. Here, we demonstrate that gammaherpesvirus infection drives expansion and germinal center-based differentiation of CD11c\n                        <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                        B cells that host the latent viral reservoir. We also show that B-cell-intrinsic T-bet expression is important for control of long-term gammaherpesvirus infection and pathogenesis.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02992-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T21:02:12Z","timestamp":1769806932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A combination of proviral and antiviral roles of CD11c- and T-bet-expressing B cells defines parameters of chronic murine gammaherpesvirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5220-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika R.","family":"Johansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00qqv6244","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xander G.","family":"Bradeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00qqv6244","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00qqv6244","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily V.","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00qqv6244","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie 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