{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:26:31Z","timestamp":1785403591738,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Microbial methane generation (methanogenesis) is an important metabolic process in the terrestrial deep biosphere and is an analog to early Earth as it is proposed to be one of the most ancient metabolisms on Earth. Signs of methanogenesis in meteorite impact craters are of particular interest in this respect as these settings are proposed hot spots for deep microbial colonization of the upper crust. Yet, reports of active deep rock-hosted methanogenesis are scarce, particularly for methylotrophic methanogenesis, while reports from terrestrial meteorite impact craters are completely lacking. Here, we used indigenous communities in cultures enriched from 400-m deep fluids to confirm and characterize active methane production from several carbon donors, including indigenous oil, in a terrestrial impact crater at Siljan, Sweden. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data of the methane-producing cultures revealed a consortium dominated by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acetobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. KB-1 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Methanogranum gryphiswaldense, mediating methanogenesis solely via the methyl-reduction pathway, and resulting in a \u03b4\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>methanol-methane<\/jats:sub>\n                      isotope enrichment of up to 98.6\u2030. These results provide insights into methylotrophic methanogenesis in deep subsurface environments in general, and in particular in fractured meteorite impact structures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>This study revealed that microbes enriched from groundwater in a 380-m deep borehole within the Siljan meteorite impact crater in Sweden were capable of producing methane, a key greenhouse gas. This is especially significant because it is the first proof of active methanogens in an impact crater and showing a specific pathway of methane production\u2014methylotrophic methanogenesis\u2014is present in the deep terrestrial subsurface, an environment that is typically hard to study. These findings shed light on life in extreme conditions on Earth and show that meteorite craters can be biological hotspots, rich with ancient life processes.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03017-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T11:12:16Z","timestamp":1764069136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Active methylotrophic methanogenesis by a microbial consortium enriched from a terrestrial meteorite impact crater"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5526-5044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Femke","family":"van Dam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9qag85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre for the Environment (CENWIN), Linnaeus University","place":["Kalmar, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Westmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9qag85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University","place":["Kalmar, Sweden"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05kb8h459","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Chemistry, Umea\u030a University","place":["Ume\u00e5, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rezaei Somee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9qag85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University","place":["Kalmar, Sweden"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02yy8x990","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Uppsala, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Ketzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9qag85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre for the Environment (CENWIN), Linnaeus University","place":["Kalmar, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riikka","family":"Kiet\u00e4v\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03vjnqy43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Geological Survey of Finland","place":["Espoo, Finland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042nb2s44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","place":["Cambridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4265-1835","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan","family":"Bertilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02yy8x990","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory","place":["Uppsala, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03m2x1q45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona","place":["Tucson, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Dopson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9qag85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre for the Environment (CENWIN), Linnaeus University","place":["Kalmar, Sweden"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9qag85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University","place":["Kalmar, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9qag85","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre for the Environment (CENWIN), Linnaeus University","place":["Kalmar, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-4-44"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16374-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0513-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04584"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1902"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2019.2203"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2006.1908"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21775\/cimb.038.075"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2016.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G30615.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2020.2286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/2009.2458(40)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12583"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2012.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3627927"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11035890903469971"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2013.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12728-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-021-00107-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-024-06418-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(99)00092-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00024-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01773-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2017.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2013.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2016.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2018.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/SP468.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030320"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02154-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00443-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03167-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02339"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076567"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2012.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-014-0233-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43217-020-00013-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-021-01857-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01213-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.45.1.187-192.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-004-5941-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10724-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-0602-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2756573"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00882-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00277-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520060103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.7.1835-1840.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004789"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118960608.gbm02038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.107559"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.61.2.262-280.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr874"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422533"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.153"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34212"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.032771-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08491-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202317257"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02605383"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01188-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5010579"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.9b00244"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nargab\/lqac007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0439-x"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mbio.03017-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mbio.03017-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T14:02:42Z","timestamp":1768399362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mbio.03017-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joel E.","family":"Kostka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mbio.03017-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.03017-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03017-25"}}