{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:12:36Z","timestamp":1792033956799,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an opportunistic, multidrug-resistant yeast with a high capacity for human skin colonization in healthcare settings, which can lead to subsequent infections with high mortality rates. Despite the recent emergence of at least four distinct clades at the global scale, little remains known about how\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      is so adept at growing on skin and the key genes and pathways it utilizes to metabolize the scarce nutrients available. Here, we identify the roles that conventional and alternative carbon metabolism genes and metabolic pathways have in facilitating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      growth through laboratory-based experiments and bioinformatics analyses. In artificial skin-like media, all four clades of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      were more capable of growing than\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      SC5314, a clinically relevant counterpart. By investigating the differential regulation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      when growing in skin-like media as compared to rich fungal media, we uncovered hundreds of genes in multiple metabolic pathways. To further test the mechanisms of these metabolic pathways, we deleted several non-essential gene candidates including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">FOX2<\/jats:italic>\n                      (B9J08_002847),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CAT2<\/jats:italic>\n                      (B9J08_000010), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ICL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (B9J08_003374). The mutant strains all exhibited abrogated growth in skin-like media and demonstrated nutrient preferences that differed from the wild type. Thus, we propose a model of how\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      has the capacity to metabolize nutrients that are available on skin by optimizing its metabolic profile. Targeting these metabolic pathways to mitigate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      growth on skin is a potential avenue to explore in controlling the spread of this emerging human fungal pathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an emerging fungal pathogen with human skin as its primary site of colonization and subsequent transmission. Here, we show the importance of conventional and alternative carbon metabolism for the ability of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      to grow in artificial skin-like media. This knowledge provides a better understanding of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      metabolism and sheds light on genes and pathways that could be targeted to interfere with persistent skin colonization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03117-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T13:00:42Z","timestamp":1773406842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Candida auris<\/i>\n                    metabolism and growth preferences in physiologically relevant skin-like conditions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2320-0497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Nicklas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vzafd60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University","place":["Washington, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clay","family":"Deming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, 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Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland","place":["College Park, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6860-348X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia A.","family":"Segre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, 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