{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:13:36Z","timestamp":1790345616372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              is a common nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Multiple reports highlight that\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              gastrointestinal colonization may precede systemic infections by this pathogen. Gaining a deeper insight into the dynamics of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              gastrointestinal carriage is an essential step in managing gastrointestinal colonization and could contribute to preventing bacterial transmission and progression to systemic infection. Here, we present a clinically relevant mouse model relying on parenteral vancomycin pretreatment and a single orogastric gavage of a controlled dose of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              . Robust carriage was observed with multiple clinical isolates, and carriage persisted for up to 60 days. Histological and microbiological examination of mice indicated that this model indeed represented carriage and not infection. We then used a barcoded\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              library along with the sequence tag-based analysis of microbial populations (STAMPR) analytic pipeline to quantify bacterial population dynamics and bottlenecks during the establishment of the gastrointestinal carriage. Analysis indicated that most of the\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              population was rapidly eliminated in the stomach, but the few bacteria that moved to the small intestine and the cecum expanded rapidly. Hence, the stomach constitutes a significant barrier against gastrointestinal carriage of\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa,<\/jats:italic>\n              which may have clinical implications for hospitalized patients.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              While\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              is rarely part of the normal human microbiome, carriage of the bacterium is quite frequent in hospitalized patients and residents of long-term care facilities.\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              carriage is a precursor to infection. Options for treating infections caused by difficult-to-treat\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              strains are dwindling, underscoring the urgency to better understand and impede pre-infection stages, such as colonization. Here, we use vancomycin-treated mice to model antibiotic-treated patients who become colonized with\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              in their gastrointestinal tracts. We identify the stomach as a major barrier to the establishment of gastrointestinal carriage. These findings suggest that efforts to prevent gastrointestinal colonization should focus not only on judicious use of antibiotics but also on investigation into how the stomach eliminates orally ingested\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03136-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T13:00:21Z","timestamp":1744290021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n            population dynamics in a vancomycin-induced murine model of gastrointestinal carriage"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1049-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marine","family":"Lebrun-Corbin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina H.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3064-2090","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karthik","family":"Hullahalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine G.","family":"Dailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alnylam Pharmaceuticals","place":["Cambridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-7000","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Waldor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, USA"]},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Wunderink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8838-5117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelly E. R.","family":"Bachta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4596-7939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alan R.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"Centers for the Disease Control and Prevention. 2023. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. HAI | CDC. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hai\/organisms\/pseudomonas.html. Retrieved 8 March 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). 2019. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s44280-023-00014-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0167-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03419-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.8.1400"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0650-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.42.1072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04636-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34101-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10166"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340100979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3625-3630.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2262-2272.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1979.119.3.453"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367702320162405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000069006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010199"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12310"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/137.6.764"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy936"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0184-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193300"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.47.1.118-122.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.11.4768-4776.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-023-00902-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.6.1073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2017.00022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-024-01314-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07295-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.5651"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa373"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","volume-title":"Antibiotic basics for clinicians: the ABCs of choosing the right antibacterial agent","author":"Hauser AR","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hauser AR. 2018. Antibiotic basics for clinicians: the ABCs of choosing the right antibacterial agent. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW).","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2005. Guidance for industry - estimating the maximum safe starting dose in initial clinical trials for therapeutics in adult healthy volunteers. Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00150"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1919198117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","volume-title":"Medical microbiology","author":"Iglewski BH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Iglewski BH. 1996. Pseudomonas. In Baron S (ed), Medical microbiology, 4th ed. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4AB0919-432R"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00428-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199308000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3253"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00887-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14363-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2406616"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14853"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03121-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02128-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03680-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn7229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02857.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602138103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01147-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220777"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70910"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02948-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36162-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.06.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1982.tb00149.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)65874-0"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mbio.03136-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mbio.03136-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T13:03:49Z","timestamp":1747227829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mbio.03136-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Parsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mbio.03136-24"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.03136-24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03136-24"}}