{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:52:06Z","timestamp":1792072326516,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"EC | European Research Council","award":["2017-CoG-771709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-CoG-771709"]}]},{"name":"MEC | Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/6982\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/6982\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              For decades, cells of the Gram-positive bacterial pathogen\n              <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              were thought to lack a dedicated elongation machinery. However,\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              cells were recently shown to elongate before division, in a process that requires a shape elongation division and sporulation (SEDS)\/penicillin-binding protein (PBP) pair for peptidoglycan synthesis, consisting of the glycosyltransferase RodA and the transpeptidase PBP3. In ovococci and rod-shaped bacteria, the elongation machinery, or elongasome, is composed of various proteins besides a dedicated SEDS\/PBP pair. To identify proteins required for\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              elongation, we screened the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library, which contains transposon mutants in virtually all non-essential staphylococcal genes, for mutants with modified cell shape. We confirmed the roles of RodA\/PBP3 in\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              elongation and identified GpsB, SsaA, and RodZ as additional proteins involved in this process. The\n              <jats:italic>gpsB<\/jats:italic>\n              mutant showed the strongest phenotype, mediated by the partial delocalization from the division septum of PBP2 and PBP4, two penicillin-binding proteins that synthesize and cross-link peptidoglycan. Increased levels of these PBPs at the cell periphery versus the septum result in higher levels of peptidoglycan insertion\/crosslinking throughout the entire cell, possibly overriding the RodA\/PBP3-mediated peptidoglycan synthesis at the outer edge of the septum and\/or increasing stiffness of the peripheral wall, impairing elongation. Consequently, in the absence of GpsB,\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              cells become more spherical. We propose that GpsB has a role in the spatio-temporal regulation of PBP2 and PBP4 at the septum versus cell periphery, contributing to the maintenance of the correct cell morphology in\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              is a Gram-positive clinical pathogen, which is currently the second cause of death by antibiotic-resistant infections worldwide. For decades,\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              cells were thought to be spherical and lack the ability to undergo elongation. However, super-resolution microscopy techniques allowed us to observe the minor morphological changes that occur during the cell cycle of this pathogen, including cell elongation.\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              elongation is not required for normal growth in laboratory conditions. However, it seems to be essential in the context of some infections, such as osteomyelitis, during which\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              cells apparently elongate to invade small channels in the bones. In this work, we uncovered new determinants required for\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              cell elongation. In particular, we show that GpsB has an important role in the spatio-temporal regulation of PBP2 and PBP4, two proteins involved in peptidoglycan synthesis, contributing to the maintenance of the correct cell morphology in\n              <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03235-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T14:01:10Z","timestamp":1707228070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The role of GpsB in\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n            cell morphogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sara F.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9151-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno M.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5345-475X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8243-9195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor B.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-9541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Sch\u00e4per","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Sporniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreia M.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1769-2627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio D.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreia C.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica 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