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We discovered that pericytes dampen pro-inflammatory endothelial cell responses. Endothelial cells co-cultured with pericytes had markedly reduced expression of adhesion molecules (PECAM-1 and ICAM-1) and proinflammatory cytokines (CCL-2 and IL-6) in response to bacterial stimuli (\n              <jats:italic>Brucella ovis<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              , or\n              <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n              lipopolysaccharide). Pericyte-depleted mice intraperitoneally inoculated with either\n              <jats:italic>B. ovis<\/jats:italic>\n              , a stealthy pathogen that does not trigger detectable inflammation, or\n              <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              , developed peritonitis. Further, during\n              <jats:italic>Citrobacter rodentium<\/jats:italic>\n              infection, pericyte-depleted mice developed severe intestinal inflammation, which was not evident in control mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of pericytes required connexin 43, as either chemical inhibition or silencing of connexin 43 abrogated pericyte-mediated suppression of endothelial inflammatory responses. Our results define a mechanism by which pericytes modulate inflammation during infection, which shifts our understanding of pericyte biology: from a structural cell to a pro-active player in modulating inflammation.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A previously unknown mechanism by which pericytes modulate inflammation was discovered. The absence of pericytes or blocking interaction between pericytes and endothelium through connexin 43 results in stronger inflammation, which shifts our understanding of pericyte biology, from a structural cell to a player in controlling inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03252-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T14:00:17Z","timestamp":1706623217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pericytes modulate endothelial inflammatory response during bacterial infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Thaynara P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica e Cirurgia Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A. 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S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica e Cirurgia Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e2mela A.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica e Cirurgia Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fab\u00edola B.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica e Cirurgia Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelly Q.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica e Cirurgia Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee-Yon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Birbrair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiane A.","family":"Paix\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9131-6657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rene\u00e9 M.","family":"Tsolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4830-0470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renato L.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednica e Cirurgia Veterin\u00e1rias, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2017.0044"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12443"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111622"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02601-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","first-page":"449","article-title":"Ultrastructural descriptions of pericyte\/endothelium peg-socket interdigitations in the microvasculature of human gastric carcinomas","volume":"29","author":"Caruso RA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Caruso RA, Fedele F, Finocchiaro G, Pizzi G, Nunnari M, Gitto G, Fabiano V, Parisi A, Venuti A. 2009. 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