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We hypothesized that gene therapy platforms could be useful in these cases if the production of an anti-inflammatory protein reflects the intensity and duration of the inflammatory condition. The recombinant protein would be produced and released only in the presence of the inciting stimulus, avoiding immunosuppression or other unwanted side effects that may occur when treating infectious diseases with anti-inflammatory drugs. To test this hypothesis, we developed AdV.C3-Tat\/HIV-Box A, an inflammation-inducible cassette that remains innocuous in the absence of inflammation but releases HMGB1 Box A, an antagonist of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in response to inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or influenza virus infection. We report here that this novel inflammation-inducible HMGB1 Box A construct in a non-replicative adenovirus (AdV) vector mitigates lung and systemic inflammation therapeutically in response to influenza infection. We anticipate that this strategy will apply to the treatment of multiple diseases in which HMGB1-mediated signaling is a central driver of inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                Many inflammatory diseases are mediated by the action of a host-derived protein, HMGB1, on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to elicit an inflammatory response. We have engineered a non-replicative AdV vector that produces HMGB1 Box A, an antagonist of HMGB1-induced inflammation, under the control of an endogenous complement component C3 (C3) promoter sequence, that is inducible by LPS and influenza\n                <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                and\n                <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                in macrophages (M\u03d5) and protects mice and cotton rats therapeutically against infection with mouse-adapted and human non-adapted influenza strains, respectively,\n                <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                . We anticipate that this novel strategy will apply to the treatment of multiple infectious and non-infectious diseases in which HMGB1-mediated TLR4 signaling is a central driver of inflammation.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03387-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T14:00:21Z","timestamp":1734616821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An adenoviral vector encoding an inflammation-inducible antagonist, HMGB1 Box A, as a novel therapeutic approach to inflammatory diseases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6988-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari Ann","family":"Shirey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sigmovir Biosystems Inc.","place":["Rockville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9880-6560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lynda","family":"Coughlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland, School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haye","family":"Nijhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases","place":["Amsterdam, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan W.","family":"Varley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher","place":["Plano, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge C. 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