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Yet, the mechanisms governing the interaction between parasitized phagocytes and the brain endothelium remain elusive. Here, we show that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, but not parasite lysates, robustly induces transcriptional and secretory upregulation of the chemokine C\u2013C motif ligand 5 (CCL5\/RANTES) in primary brain endothelial cells and dendritic cells (DCs). This response was triggered by the parasite effector GRA15 through NF-\u03baB signaling, while the effector TEEGR counteracted CCL5 induction in an MYR-translocon-dependent manner. In response to recombinant CCL5, infected DCs displayed increased hypermotility, chemotaxis toward CCL5 gradients, and enhanced transmigration across polarized endothelial monolayers. Intraperitoneally infected mice rapidly upregulated CCL5 in the blood and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ccl5<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression in the cerebral microvasculature, thereby increasing the adhesion of parasitized DCs and cerebral parasite loads. Pretreatment of mice with recombinant CCL5 dramatically elevated the sequestration of infected DCs, while treatment with the selective chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist Maraviroc reverted sequestration. Together, these findings reveal that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      co-opts the host CCL5\/CCR5 axis via GRA15-mediated signaling to promote leukocyte-dependent dissemination and early colonization of the CNS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The intracellular parasite\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                      invades immune cells to spread through the circulatory system, eventually reaching the brains of humans and animals. It is not well understood how parasitized immune cells interact with blood vessel walls, a process that ultimately helps\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonize the brain tissue. We found that when Toxoplasma infects the cells lining the blood vessels (endothelium), these produce C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), a potent signaling and attractant molecule. CCL5 production was triggered by a parasite-derived secreted protein, GRA15. CCL5 activated and attracted infected immune cells. In mice, the levels of CCL5 increased quickly in the brain microvasculature after infection, helping the infected immune cells adhere to brain vessels. When the effect of CCL5 was pharmacologically blocked, fewer infected cells sequestered in the brain vessels, lowering the parasite loads. These findings reveal a mechanism through which\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      manipulates host cells to produce factors that facilitate its colonization of the brain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03444-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T14:00:29Z","timestamp":1768312829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma<\/i>\n                    effector GRA15-driven CCL5 secretion enhances brain parasite load through microvascular sequestration of phagocytes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6066-3082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Afanaseva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05f0yaq80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5819-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matias E.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05f0yaq80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7746-9964","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"Barragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05f0yaq80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0322-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.178"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120145"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071765"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e318197eca7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00137"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt6632"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","volume-title":"Medical microbiology","author":"Dubey JP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dubey JP. 1996. 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