{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:04:44Z","timestamp":1791453884664,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32AI183696-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AI183696-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 GM118027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 GM118027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99GM147303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99GM147303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSF | National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program","award":["DGE-2137424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-2137424"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Secondary fungal infections represent a major complication following thermal injuries. However, the mechanisms of fungal colonization of burn tissue and how the host subsequently responds to fungi within this niche remain unclear. We have previously reported a zebrafish model of thermal injury that recapitulates many of the features of human burn wounds. Here, we characterize host-fungal interaction dynamics within the burn wound niche using two of the most common fungal pathogens isolated from burn injuries,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonize burned tissue in zebrafish larvae and induce a largely conserved innate immune response following colonization. Using drug-induced cell-depletion strategies and transgenic zebrafish lines with impaired innate immune function, we found that macrophages control fungal burden, whereas neutrophils primarily control invasive hyphal growth at the early stages of infection. However, we also found that loss of either immune cell can be compensated by the other at the later stages of infection and that fish with both macrophage and neutrophil deficiencies show more invasive hyphal growth that is sustained throughout the infection process, suggesting redundancy in their antifungal activities. Finally, we demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains with increased \u03b2(1,3)-glucan exposure are cleared faster from the burn wound, demonstrating a need for shielding this immunogenic cell wall epitope for the successful fungal colonization of burn tissue. Together, our findings support the use of zebrafish larvae as a model to study host-fungal interaction dynamics within burn wounds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Secondary fungal infections within burn wound injuries are a significant problem that delays wound healing and increases the risk of patient mortality. Currently, little is known about how fungi colonize and infect burn tissue or how the host responds to pathogen presence. In this report, we expand upon an existing thermal injury model using zebrafish larvae to begin elucidating both the host immune response to fungal burn colonization and fungal mechanisms for persistence within burn tissue. We found that both\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        , common fungal burn wound isolates, successfully colonize burn tissue and are effectively cleared in immunocompetent zebrafish by both macrophages and neutrophils. We also find that\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        mutants harboring mutations that impact their ability to evade host immune system recognition are cleared more readily from burn tissue. Collectively, our work highlights the efficacy of using zebrafish to study host-fungal interaction dynamics within burn wounds.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03480-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T09:02:22Z","timestamp":1744102942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Larval zebrafish burn wound infection model reveals conserved innate immune responses against diverse pathogenic fungi"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3135-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nayanna M.","family":"Mercado Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]},{"name":"Microbiology Doctoral Training Program (MDTP), University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-9473","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nancy P.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]},{"name":"Microbiology Doctoral Training Program (MDTP), University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7940-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Huttenlocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]},{"name":"Microbiology Doctoral Training Program (MDTP), University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Pediatrics","place":["Madison, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6777-4006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University","place":["Bowling Green, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0145-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2023.01571"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ebj2040013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.70718"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2009.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31815f6ecb"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78387-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Fungal infections in burns: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Struck MF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Struck MF, Gille J. 2013. 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