{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:42:14Z","timestamp":1790638934407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI162711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI162711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI165391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI165391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Leishmaniasis is a group of vector-borne diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n              that affect millions of people across nearly 100 countries. Clinical presentations range from self-resolving cutaneous ulcers to life-threatening visceral disease, depending on the infecting species and host immune response. While CD4 T cells have long been recognized as central to parasite control, CD8 T cells also play an important role in disease. In this mini-review, we explore the many steps involved in CD8 T cell responses in leishmaniasis, with a focus on antigen recognition, recruitment, effector function, memory development, and dysfunction. Drawing on both murine models and human studies, we highlight the duality of CD8 T cells, which can contribute to protection but also drive immune-mediated tissue damage. Recent advances in transcriptomics,\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n              modeling, and immunophenotyping have begun to clarify the conditions under which CD8 T cells support vs hinder host defense. Despite this progress, critical questions remain, and continued investigation into the heterogeneity and regulation of CD8 T cells in leishmaniasis promises not only to deepen our understanding of host-pathogen interactions but also to guide the development of targeted immunotherapies and vaccines.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03537-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T13:00:17Z","timestamp":1757941217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Step-by-step: the CD8 T cell journey in leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, 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