{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:47:50Z","timestamp":1792590470433,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["75N93019C00051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93019C00051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI172531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI172531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["75N93021C00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute","award":["75N91019D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019D00024"]}]},{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse","award":["DA058294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA058294"]}]},{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","award":["UL1TR004419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR004419"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["G20AI174733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G20AI174733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>The evolution of the antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is impacted by the nature and number of antigenic exposures. First-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines encoded an ancestral spike protein. Updated bivalent vaccines and breakthrough infections have shaped the intricate diversity of the polyclonal antibody response and specificity of individual antibody clones. We and others previously showed that bivalent vaccines containing the ancestral and Omicron (BA.5) spikes induce high levels of cross-reactive antibodies but undetectable BA.5-specific antibodies in serum. Here, we assessed sera collected before as well as 1 and 3 months following administration of an updated XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine to individuals with diverse infection and vaccination histories. Vaccination increased neutralization against recent variants of concern, including HV.1, JN.1, and the vaccine-homologous XBB.1.5. Antibody binding and avidity against ancestral and XBB.1.5 antigens significantly increased after vaccination. However, antibody depletion experiments showed that most of the response was cross-reactive to the ancestral spike, and only low levels of XBB.1.5-specific antibodies to the spike or the receptor-binding domain were detected. Importantly, increased antibody levels were still detectable in circulation 3 months post-vaccination and cross-reacted with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) as measured by pseudovirus neutralization and binding assays. Overall, our data suggest that the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine predominantly elicits a cross-reactive response imprinted by viral spike antigens encountered early during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Updated COVID-19 vaccine formulations and SARS-CoV-2 exposure history affect the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. High titers of antibodies are induced in serum by XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination. Antibody depletion experiments reveal that the majority of the antibody response is cross-reactive to the ancestral spike, despite vaccination increasing neutralization against recently circulating Omicron variants. Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies cross-react with SARS-CoV-1 and remain in the bloodstream for at least 3 months after immunization.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03607-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T09:02:04Z","timestamp":1741165324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine induces lasting cross-reactive responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants such as HV.1 and JN.1, as well as SARS-CoV-1, but elicits limited XBB.1.5 specific antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9039-9275","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Carre\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Lerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4617-0473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anass","family":"Abbad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Temima","family":"Yellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Ehrenhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Fried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Nardulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Min","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubbertus C. F.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Gleason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"PVI study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6416-5096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-776X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Florian","family":"Krammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]},{"name":"Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna","place":["Vienna, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Aracena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gonzalez-Reiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Cognigni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia Mia","family":"Sordillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Kleiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harm","family":"van Bakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob D.","family":"Mauldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Mischka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"van Kesteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neko","family":"Lyttle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reima","family":"Ramsamooj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuexing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"Worldometer. 2024. 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