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However, the effects of inulin on the opportunistic fungal pathogen\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans,<\/jats:italic>\n                      which resides as a commensal in the gut, have not been characterized. Here, RNA sequencing revealed that inulin affects the expression of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes associated with cell wall construction, adhesion, and yeast-hypha morphogenesis. Consistent with these changes in gene expression, inulin inhibited hyphal development, increased adhesion to human Caco-2 and A431 cells, decreased the thickness of the inner layer of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      cell wall, reduced the exposure of cell wall pathogen-associated molecular patterns [\u03b2-(1,3)-glucan and chitin], and affected antifungal drug sensitivity. These changes impacted host immune recognition and cytokine responses, ultimately attenuating the virulence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      in an invertebrate infection model. Therefore, dietary supplementation with inulin is likely to influence host-fungus interactions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The benefits of prebiotic dietary supplements, such as inulin (a natural plant dietary fiber), are thought to include a healthier gut microbiome, a reduced risk of colon cancer, and lower cholesterol levels. Unsurprisingly, prebiotic usage is increasing rapidly. However, while the effects of prebiotics upon gut bacteria have been characterized, the impacts upon\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans,<\/jats:italic>\n                        an opportunistic fungal pathogen that resides in the human gut, have remained obscure. We show that inulin affects the expression of virulence-related phenotypes and antifungal drug sensitivity in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Furthermore, we show that inulin reduces the virulence of this fungus in an invertebrate model, consistent with the idea that inulin may lower the risk of fungal infection in healthy individuals.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03851-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:00:26Z","timestamp":1778763626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The prebiotic inulin affects virulence factor expression in\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8971-0310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emer","family":"Hickey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yghzc09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"MRC Centre for Medical 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