{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:36:05Z","timestamp":1785418565911,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37 AI093808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 AI093808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31 AI161996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 AI161996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI191067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI191067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an ubiquitous environmental mold that forms airborne conidia and can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Invasive aspergillosis occurs in patients with quantitative or qualitative neutrophil defects who often receive systemic antibiotics to prevent or manage bacterial infections. Antibiotic-induced bacterial dysbiosis has been linked to impaired neutrophil bactericidal activity and to intestinal commensal bacteria escape during systemic candidiasis, though it remains unclear whether receipt of antibacterial antibiotics impairs neutrophil-dependent defenses against inhaled mold pathogens in the lung. Herein, we measured the outcome of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      challenge in C57BL\/6J mice that were treated with different antibiotics in the drinking water for 3 weeks prior to experimental infection. We found that ampicillin, but not neomycin or vancomycin treatment, significantly increased murine mortality and lung fungal burden. The heightened susceptibility was associated with impaired fungal killing by lung-infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes, as well as reduced neutrophil production of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS). These findings demonstrate that systemic antibiotic treatment can compromise pulmonary immunity against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and suggest that the host microbiota can enhance neutrophil fungicidal activity by promoting NOX2-mediated ROS production.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                        is an environmental mold that causes invasive pulmonary disease in immunocompromised individuals. Owing to limited diagnostic tools, a narrow arsenal of effective treatments, and rising antifungal resistance, the World Health Organization (WHO) has designated\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                        as a critical priority fungal pathogen, highlighting the urgent need for further research. Patients with compromised immunity often receive broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent or treat opportunistic infections, leading to significant disruption of the resident commensal microbiota. This antibiotic-induced dysbiosis has been linked to\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                        colitis and to intestinal overgrowth of vancomycin-resistant\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                        and\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                        , preceding bloodstream infection. However, the impact of antibiotic treatment on susceptibility to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis remains undefined. In this study, we found that oral treatment with ampicillin, but not neomycin or vancomycin, significantly increased mortality in mice following\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                        infection. Neutrophils from the lungs of ampicillin-treated mice also showed markedly impaired fungal killing. These findings raise the possibility that preserving microbiome integrity during antibiotic treatment could enhance immune protection against invasive aspergillosis in at-risk patient groups.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03982-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:02:18Z","timestamp":1773234138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antibiotic-induced microbiota disruption impairs neutrophil-mediated immunity to respiratory\n                    <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>\n                    infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2462-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano A.","family":"Aufiero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02yrq0923","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-5412","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tobias M.","family":"Hohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02yrq0923","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","place":["New York, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02yrq0923","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","place":["New York, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02yrq0923","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Immuno-Oncology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.891-903.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003940"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600380"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01803-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.160348"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2012.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.38.2.487-495.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.2.207"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu1154"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.5.950"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","first-page":"652","article-title":"An evaluation of ampicillin pharmacokinetics and toxicity in guinea pigs","volume":"37","author":"Young JD","year":"1987","unstructured":"Young JD, Hurst WJ, White WJ, Lang CM. 1987. An evaluation of ampicillin pharmacokinetics and toxicity in guinea pigs. Lab Anim Sci 37:652\u2013656.","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3542"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2087"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502566"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adr0547"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00086-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/420939"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mbio.03982-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mbio.03982-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:03:01Z","timestamp":1775653381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mbio.03982-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marcio","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mbio.03982-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.03982-25","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.11.18.689104","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e03982-25"}}