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For all three genera, prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are required to prevent the development of chronic, debilitating illness.<jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>spp. are intrinsically resistant to several antimicrobial classes; however, there is little evidence in the literature for development of acquired resistance to antimicrobial agents used for clinical treatment of acute leptospirosis. For<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>infections, there are numerous reports of relapses following therapy, but it is unclear whether this is due to sequestration within infected sites (e.g., bone) or the development of acquired resistance.<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>have maintained their susceptibility to doxycycline and rifampicin, which in combination remain the most common treatments of brucellosis in humans.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>induced point mutations are described as imparting resistance to rifampicin (<jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>) and fluoroquinolones (<jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>). The clinical significance of these mutations is unclear. For<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, although acquired resistance to some antimicrobial agents has been described, resistance due to bacterial persister cells surviving in the presence of antimicrobial, with no apparent increase in the MIC of the organism, have been recently described. Of the remaining veterinary fastidious pathogens,<jats:italic>Lawsonia intracellularis<\/jats:italic>is the most interesting from an antimicrobial resistance perspective because it can only be grown in cell culture, making<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>susceptibility testing challenging. MIC testing has been undertaken on a small number of isolates, and some differences in susceptibility to macrolides have been demonstrated between isolates obtained from different regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.arba-0029-2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T12:45:12Z","timestamp":1532090712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance in<i>Leptospira<\/i>,<i>Brucella<\/i>, and Other Rarely Investigated Veterinary and Zoonotic Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Darren J.","family":"Trott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler B de la Pe\u00f1a Moctezuma A. 2010. 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