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Accordingly, miRNAs have been associated with a wide range of fundamental biological processes and implicated in human diseases. During the past decade, miRNAs have also been recognized for their role in the complex interplay between the host and bacterial pathogens, either as part of the host response to counteract infection or as a molecular strategy employed by bacteria to subvert host pathways for their own benefit. Importantly, the characterization of downstream miRNA targets and their underlying mechanisms of action has uncovered novel molecular factors and pathways relevant to infection. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the miRNA response to bacterial infection, focusing on different bacterial pathogens, including\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            spp., and\n            <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            , among others.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.bai-0002-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T12:45:20Z","timestamp":1559393120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Multifaceted Roles of microRNAs in Host-Bacterial Pathogen Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Mano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Genomics and RNA-Based Therapeutics Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Eulalio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"RNA &amp; Infection Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartel DP. 2018. 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