{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:38:14Z","timestamp":1791225494780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) that occurred from 2013 to 2016 in the West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, with imported cases to three neighboring African countries as well as to the United States and Europe, constituted a major humanitarian disaster. The outbreak numbered over 28,500 cases, more than 10 times the number cumulatively registered from all previous EVD outbreaks combined, with at least 11,000 deaths, and resulted in billions of dollars of lost economic growth to an already impoverished region. The unprecedented scale of West Africa 2013 took the world by surprise and laid bare deficiencies in our response capacity to complex humanitarian disasters of highly infectious and lethal pathogens. However, the magnitude of West Africa 2013 also provided an, albeit unwelcome, unique opportunity and obligation to better understand the biology and epidemiology of EVD and, equally as important, the many scientific, economic, social, political, ethical, and logistical challenges in confronting emerging diseases in the modern era. Here we re-examine EVD, reviewing the unique challenges and scientific advances of West Africa 2013, contrasting them with the prior assumptions and classical teachings, identifying what they have taught us and what we still have to learn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ei10-0022-2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T16:08:56Z","timestamp":1465920536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["West Africa 2013: Re-examining Ebola"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Bausch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Rojek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Incident Management System Ebola Epidemiology Team CDC Guinea Interministerial Committee for Response Against the Ebola Virus World Health Organization CDC Guinea Response Team Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare CDC Liberia Response Team Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation CDC Sierra Leone Response Team Viral Special Pathogens Branch National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases CDC. 2014. Update: ebola virus disease epidemic\u2013West Africa November 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 1064\u20131066. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2015. Ebola Situation Report - 2 December 2015. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/current-situation\/ebola-situation-report-2-december-2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elston JW Moosa AJ Moses F Walker G Dotta N Waldman RJ Wright J. 2015. Impact of the Ebola outbreak on health systems and population health in Sierra Leone. J Public Health (Oxf). [Epub ahead of print.] doi:10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv158. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch DG Schwarz L. 2014. Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea: where ecology meets economy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3056. doi:10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003056. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Bausch D. 2001. Of sickness unknown: death and health in Africa. UN Chron 38: 5\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch D Rollin P. 2004. Responding to epidemics of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: progress and lessons learned from recent outbreaks in Uganda Gabon and Congo p 35\u201357. In Scheld W Murray B Hughes J (ed) Emerging Infections 6 . ASM Press Washington DC. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816995.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Allan R Mandell S Ladbury R Pearce E Skinner K. 1998. The progression from endemic to epidemic Lassa fever in war-torn West Africa. p. 197. In Saluzzo JF Dodet B (ed). Emergence and Control of Rodent-borne Diseases: Hantaviral and Arenal Diseases .  Elsevier Philadelphia."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Bertherat E Talarmin A Zeller H International Committee of Technical and Scientific Coordination of the Durba Epidemic. 1999. Democratic Republic of the Congo: between civil war and the Marburg virus. International Committee of Technical and Scientific Coordination of the Durba Epidemic. Med Trop (Mars) 59: 201\u2013204. (In French.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch DG Clougherty MM. 2015. Ebola virus: sensationalism science and human rights. J Infect Dis 212 (Suppl 2) : S79\u2013S83. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2014. Ground zero in Guinea: the Ebola outbreak smoulders \u2013 undetected \u2013 for more than 3 months. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/ebola\/ebola-6-months\/guinea\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baize S Pannetier D Oestereich L Rieger T Koivogui L Magassouba N Soropogui B Sow MS Ke\u00efta S De Clerck H Tiffany A Dominguez G Loua M Traor\u00e9 A Koli\u00e9 M Malano ER Heleze E Bocquin A M\u00e9ly S Raoul H Caro V Cadar D Gabriel M Pahlmann M Tappe D Schmidt-Chanasit J Impouma B Diallo AK Formenty P Van Herp M G\u00fcnther S. 2014. Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med 371: 1418\u20131425. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2014. Ebola virus disease in Guinea. http:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/en\/clusters-a-programmes\/dpc\/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response\/outbreak-news\/4063-ebola-hemorrhagic-fever-in-guinea.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2015. Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa: an extraordinary epidemic. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 90: 89\u201396."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2015. Ebola situation report - 4 November 2015. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/current-situation\/ebola-situation-report-4-november-2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Forrester JD Hunter JC Pillai SK Arwady MA Ayscue P Matanock A Monroe B Schafer IJ Nyenswah TG De Cock KM Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014. Cluster of Ebola cases among Liberian and U.S. health care workers in an Ebola treatment unit and adjacent hospital: Liberia 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 925\u2013929. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Matanock A Arwady MA Ayscue P Forrester JD Gaddis B Hunter JC Monroe B Pillai SK Reed C Schafer IJ Massaquoi M Dahn B De Cock KM Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014. Ebola virus disease cases among health care workers not working in Ebola treatment units: Liberia June-August 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 1077\u20131081. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olu O Kargbo B Kamara S Wurie AH Amone J Ganda L Ntsama B Poy A Kuti-George F Engedashet E Worku N Cormican M Okot C Yoti Z Kamara KB Chitala K Chimbaru A Kasolo F. 2015. Epidemiology of Ebola virus disease transmission among health care workers in Sierra Leone May to December 2014: a retrospective descriptive study. BMC Infect Dis 15: 416. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1166-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch DG. 2015. The year that Ebola virus took over west Africa: missed opportunities for prevention. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 229\u2013232. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon S Sridhar D Pate MA Jha AK Clinton C Delaunay S Edwin V Fallah M Fidler DP Garrett L Goosby E Gostin LO Heymann DL Lee K Leung GM Morrison JS Saavedra J Tanner M Leigh JA Hawkins B Woskie LR Piot P. 2015. Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola. Lancet 386: 2204\u20132221. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00946-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Meltzer MI Atkins CY Santibanez S Knust B Petersen BW Ervin ED Nichol ST Damon IK Washington ML Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. Estimating the future number of cases in the Ebola epidemic: Liberia and Sierra Leone 2014-2015. MMWR Suppl 63: 1\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bevilacqua N Nicastri E Chinello P Puro V Petrosillo N Di Caro A Capobianchi MR Lanini S Vairo F Pletschette M Zumla A Ippolito G Team IE INMI Ebola Team. 2015. Criteria for discharge of patients with Ebola virus diseases in high-income countries. Lancet Glob Health 3: e739\u2013e740. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00205-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2016. A review of the role of training in WHO Ebola emergency response. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 91: 181\u2013186. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"WHO. 1978. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Sudan 1976. Bull World Health Organ 56: 247\u2013270. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"WHO. 1978. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire 1976. Bull World Health Organ 56: 271\u2013293. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan AS Tshioko FK Heymann DL Le Guenno B Nabeth P Kersti\u00ebns B Fleerackers Y Kilmarx PH Rodier GR Nkuku O Rollin PE Sanchez A Zaki SR Swanepoel R Tomori O Nichol ST Peters CJ Muyembe-Tamfum JJ Ksiazek TG. 1999. The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Democratic Republic of the Congo 1995. Commission de Lutte contre les Epid\u00e9mies \u00e0 Kikwit. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S76\u2013S86. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2001. Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever Uganda August 2000-January 2001. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 76: 41\u201346. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Formenty P Libama F Epelboin A Allarangar Y Leroy E Moudzeo H Tarangonia P Molamou A Lenzi M Ait-Ikhlef K Hewlett B Roth C Grein T. 2003. Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo 2003: a new strategy?. Med Trop (Mars) 63: 291\u2013295. (In French.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2007. Outbreak news. Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever Democratic Republic of the Congo: update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 82: 345\u2013346. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wamala JF Lukwago L Malimbo M Nguku P Yoti Z Musenero M Amone J Mbabazi W Nanyunja M Zaramba S Opio A Lutwama JJ Talisuna AO Okware SI. 2010. Ebola hemorrhagic fever associated with novel virus strain Uganda 2007-2008. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1087\u20131092. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1607.091525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2014. Ebola situation report - 31 December 2014. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/en\/status-outbreak\/situation-reports\/ebola-situation-report-31-december-2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parra JM Salmer\u00f3n OJ Velasco M. 2014. The first case of Ebola virus disease acquired outside Africa. N Engl J Med 371: 2439\u20132440. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1412662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopaz MA Amela C Ordobas M Dominguez-Berjon MF Alvarez C Martinez M Sierra MJ Simon F Jansa JM Plachouras D Astray J Working Group of Ebola Outbreak Investigation Team of Madrid. 2015. First secondary case of Ebola outside Africa: epidemiological characteristics and contact monitoring Spain September to November 2014. Euro Surveill 20: 20. http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=21003. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.1.21003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdoulaye B Moussa S Daye K Boubakar BS Cor SS Idrissa T Mamadou NH Oumar BI Tidiane NC Selly LM Tacko DC Amadou DP Mandiaye L Mbaye D Marie CS. 2015. Experience on the management of the first imported Ebola virus disease case in Senegal. Pan Afr Med J 22 (Suppl 1) : 6. [PubMed]","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.supp.2015.22.1.6109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musa EO Adedire E Adeoye O Adewuyi P Waziri N Nguku P Nanjuya M Adebayo B Fatiregun A Enya B Ohuabunwo C Sabitu K Shuaib F Okoh A Oguntimehin O Onyekwere N Nasidi A Olayinka A. 2015. Epidemiological profile of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria July-September 2014. Pan Afr Med J 21: 331. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2015.21.331.5834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"Yacisin K Balter S Fine A Weiss D Ackelsberg J Prezant D Wilson R Starr D Rakeman J Raphael M Quinn C Toprani A Clark N Link N Daskalakis D Maybank A Layton M Varma JK Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2015. Ebola virus disease in a humanitarian aid worker: New York City October 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64: 321\u2013323. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2014. Mali: details of the additional cases of Ebola virus disease. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/ebola\/20-november-2014-mali\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","unstructured":"Chevalier MS Chung W Smith J Weil LM Hughes SM Joyner SN Hall E Srinath D Ritch J Thathiah P Threadgill H Cervantes D Lakey DL Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014. Ebola virus disease cluster in the United States: Dallas County Texas 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 1087\u20131088. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","unstructured":"McCarty CL Basler C Karwowski M Erme M Nixon G Kippes C Allan T Parrilla T DiOrio M de Fijter S Stone ND Yost DA Lippold SA Regan JJ Honein MA Knust B Braden C Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014. Response to importation of a case of Ebola virus disease: Ohio October 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 1089\u20131091. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thiam S Delamou A Camara S Carter J Lama EK Ndiaye B Nyagero J Nduba J Ngom M. 2015. Challenges in controlling the Ebola outbreak in two prefectures in Guinea: why did communities continue to resist? Pan Afr Med J 22 (Suppl 1) : 22. [PubMed]","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.supp.2015.22.1.6626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buli BG Mayigane LN Oketta JF Soumouk A Sandouno TE Camara B Toure MS Conde A. 2015. Misconceptions about Ebola seriously affect the prevention efforts: KAP related to Ebola prevention and treatment in Kouroussa Prefecture Guinea. Pan Afr Med J 22 (Suppl 1) : 11. [PubMed]","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.supp.2015.22.1.6269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","unstructured":"Nielsen CF Kidd S Sillah AR Davis E Mermin J Kilmarx PH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. Improving burial practices and cemetery management during an Ebola virus disease epidemic: Sierra Leone 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64: 20\u201327. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2015. Financing. Global Health 2014: Shifts in Funding as the MDG Era Closes . Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Seattle WA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2015. Investing in the World\u2019s Health Organization . World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","unstructured":"Tomori O. 2015. Pre-meeting course: redefining preparedness response and recovery to global pandemics: the experience of Ebola in West Africa. Abstr 64th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Philadelphia PA October 25 2015. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bah EI Lamah MC Fletcher T Jacob ST Brett-Major DM Sall AA Shindo N Fischer WA II Lamontagne F Saliou SM Bausch DG Moumi\u00e9 B Jagatic T Sprecher A Lawler JV Mayet T Jacquerioz FA M\u00e9ndez Baggi MF Vallenas C Clement C Mardel S Faye O Faye O Soropogui B Magassouba N Koivogui L Pinto R Fowler RA. 2015. Clinical presentation of patients with Ebola virus disease in Conakry Guinea. N Engl J Med 372: 40\u201347. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schieffelin JS Shaffer JG Goba A Gbakie M Gire SK Colubri A Sealfon RS Kanneh L Moigboi A Momoh M Fullah M Moses LM Brown BL Andersen KG Winnicki S Schaffner SF Park DJ Yozwiak NL Jiang PP Kargbo D Jalloh S Fonnie M Sinnah V French I Kovoma A Kamara FK Tucker V Konuwa E Sellu J Mustapha I Foday M Yillah M Kanneh F Saffa S Massally JL Boisen ML Branco LM Vandi MA Grant DS Happi C Gevao SM Fletcher TE Fowler RA Bausch DG Sabeti PC Khan SH Garry RF KGH Lassa Fever Program Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Consortium WHO Clinical Response Team. 2014. Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone. N Engl J Med 371: 2092\u20132100. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fowler RA Fletcher T Fischer WA II Lamontagne F Jacob S Brett-Major D Lawler JV Jacquerioz FA Houlihan C O\u2019Dempsey T Ferri M Adachi T Lamah MC Bah EI Mayet T Schieffelin J McLellan SL Senga M Kato Y Clement C Mardel S Vallenas Bejar De Villar RC Shindo N Bausch D. 2014. Caring for critically ill patients with ebola virus disease. Perspectives from West Africa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 190: 733\u2013737. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1514CP"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chertow DS Kleine C Edwards JK Scaini R Giuliani R Sprecher A. 2014. Ebola virus disease in West Africa: clinical manifestations and management. N Engl J Med 371: 2054\u20132057. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1413084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kreuels B Wichmann D Emmerich P Schmidt-Chanasit J de Heer G Kluge S Sow A Renn\u00e9 T G\u00fcnther S Lohse AW Addo MM Schmiedel S. 2014. A case of severe Ebola virus infection complicated by Gram-negative septicemia. N Engl J Med 371: 2394\u20132401. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sueblinvong V Johnson DW Weinstein GL Connor MJ Jr Crozier I Liddell AM Franch HA Wall BR Kalil AC Feldman M Lisco SJ Sevransky JE. 2015. Critical care for multiple organ failure secondary to Ebola virus disease in the United States. Crit Care Med 43: 2066\u20132075. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf T Kann G Becker S Stephan C Brodt HR de Leuw P Gr\u00fcnewald T Vogl T Kempf VA Keppler OT Zacharowski K. 2015. Severe Ebola virus disease with vascular leakage and multiorgan failure: treatment of a patient in intensive care. Lancet 385: 1428\u20131435. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62384-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chertow DS Nath A Suffredini AF Danner RL Reich DS Bishop RJ Childs RW Arai AE Palmore TN Lane HC Fauci AS Davey RT. 2016. Severe meningoencephalitis in a case of Ebola virus disease: a case report. Ann Intern Med . [Epub ahead of print.] doi:10.7326\/M15-3066. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-3066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howlett P Brown C Helderman T Brooks T Lisk D Deen G Solbrig M Lado M. 2016. Ebola virus disease complicated by late-onset encephalitis and polyarthritis Sierra Leone [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 150\u2013152. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.151212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhillon P McCarthy S Gibbs M. 2015. Surviving stroke in an Ebola treatment centre. BMJ Case Rep 2015 . [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-211062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson AJ Martin DS Maddox V Rattenbury S Bland D Bhagani S Cropley I Hopkins S Mepham S Rodger A Warren S Chowdary P Jacobs M. 2016. Thromboelastography in the management of coagulopathy associated with Ebola virus disease. Clin Infect Dis 62: 610\u2013612. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2014. Case definition recommendations for Ebola or Marburg virus diseases. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/ebola\/ebola-case-definition-contact-en.pdf?ua=1&ua=1."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lado M Walker NF Baker P Haroon S Brown CS Youkee D Studd N Kessete Q Maini R Boyles T Hanciles E Wurie A Kamara TB Johnson O Leather AJ. 2015. Clinical features of patients isolated for suspected Ebola virus disease at Connaught Hospital Freetown Sierra Leone: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 1024\u20131033. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00137-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zachariah R Harries AD. 2015. The WHO clinical case definition for suspected cases of Ebola virus disease arriving at Ebola holding units: reason to worry? Lancet Infect Dis 15: 989\u2013990. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00160-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","unstructured":"ISARIC. 2014. Case record form: Ebola. Virusdisease . http:\/\/isaric.tghn.org\/site_media\/media\/medialibrary\/2014\/11\/ISARIC_WHO_EVD_CRF_O5OCT14_Instructions.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akerlund E Prescott J Tampellini L. 2015. Shedding of Ebola virus in an asymptomatic pregnant woman. N Engl J Med 372: 2467\u20132469. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1503275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch DG Feldmann H Geisbert TW Bray M Sprecher AG Boumandouki P Rollin PE Roth C Winnipeg Filovirus Clinical Working Group. 2007. Outbreaks of filovirus hemorrhagic fever: time to refocus on the patient. J Infect Dis 196 (Suppl 2) : S136\u2013S141. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/520542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2014. Clinical Management of Patients with Viral Haemorrhagic Fever: A Pocket Guide for the Front-Line Health Worker . WHO Geneva Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/clinical-management-patients\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansumana R Jacobsen KH Sahr F Idris M Bangura H Boie-Jalloh M Lamin JM Sesay S. 2015. Ebola in Freetown area Sierra Leone: a case study of 581 patients. N Engl J Med 372: 587\u2013588. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1413685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","unstructured":"Agua-Agum J Ariyarajah A Aylward B Blake IM Brennan R Cori A Donnelly CA Dorigatti I Dye C Eckmanns T Ferguson NM Formenty P Fraser C Garcia E Garske T Hinsley W Holmes D Hugonnet S Iyengar S Jombart T Krishnan R Meijers S Mills HL Mohamed Y Nedjati-Gilani G Newton E Nouvellet P Pelletier L Perkins D Riley S Sagrado M Schnitzler J Schumacher D Shah A Van Kerkhove MD Varsaneux O Wijekoon Kannangarage N WHO Ebola Response Team. 2015. West African Ebola epidemic after one year: slowing but not yet under control. N Engl J Med 372: 584\u2013587. [PubMed][CrossRef]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uyeki TM Mehta AK Davey RT Jr Liddell AM Wolf T Vetter P Schmiedel S Gr\u00fcnewald T Jacobs M Arribas JR Evans L Hewlett AL Brantsaeter AB Ippolito G Rapp C Hoepelman AI Gutman J Working Group of the U.S.\u2013European Clinical Network on Clinical Management of Ebola Virus Disease Patients in the U.S. and Europe. 2016. Clinical management of Ebola virus disease in the United States and Europe. N Engl J Med 374: 636\u2013646. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vetter P Kaiser L Schibler M Ciglenecki I Bausch DG. 2016. Sequelae of Ebola virus disease: the emergency within the emergency. Lancet Infect Dis . [Epub ahead of print.] doi:10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00077-3. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00077-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowe AK Bertolli J Khan AS Mukunu R Muyembe-Tamfum JJ Bressler D Williams AJ Peters CJ Rodriguez L Feldmann H Nichol ST Rollin PE Ksiazek TG. 1999. Clinical virologic and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients and their household contacts Kikwit Democratic Republic of the Congo. Commission de Lutte contre les Epid\u00e9mies \u00e0 Kikwit. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S28\u2013S35. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark DV Kibuuka H Millard M Wakabi S Lukwago L Taylor A Eller MA Eller LA Michael NL Honko AN Olinger GG Jr Schoepp RJ Hepburn MJ Hensley LE Robb ML. 2015. Long-term sequelae after Ebola virus disease in Bundibugyo Uganda: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 905\u2013912. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70152-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch DG. 2015. Sequelae after Ebola virus disease: even when it\u2019s over it\u2019s not over. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 865\u2013866. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70165-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chancellor JR Padmanabhan SP Greenough TC Sacra R Ellison RT III Madoff LC Droms RJ Hinkle DM Asdourian GK Finberg RW Stroher U Uyeki TM Cer\u00f3n OM. 2016. Uveitis and systemic inflammatory markers in convalescent phase of Ebola virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 295\u2013297. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2202.151416"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varkey JB Shantha JG Crozier I Kraft CS Lyon GM Mehta AK Kumar G Smith JR Kainulainen MH Whitmer S Str\u00f6her U Uyeki TM Ribner BS Yeh S. 2015. Persistence of Ebola virus in ocular fluid during convalescence. N Engl J Med 372: 2423\u20132427. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epstein L Wong KK Kallen AJ Uyeki TM. 2015. Post-Ebola signs and symptoms in U.S. survivors. N Engl J Med 373: 2484\u20132486. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1506576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyon GM Mehta AK Varkey JB Brantly K Plyler L McElroy AK Kraft CS Towner JS Spiropoulou C Str\u00f6her U Uyeki TM Ribner BS Emory Serious Communicable Diseases Unit. 2014. Clinical care of two patients with Ebola virus disease in the United States. N Engl J Med 371: 2402\u20132409. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2016. Clinical care for survivors of Ebola virus disease. Interim guidance. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/ebola\/guidance-survivors\/en\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","unstructured":"NIH. 2015. Study of Ebola survivors opens in Liberia. http:\/\/www.nih.gov\/news-events\/news-releases\/study-ebola-survivors-opens-liberia."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Roo A Ado B Rose B Guimard Y Fonck K Colebunders R. 1998. Survey among survivors of the 1995 Ebola epidemic in Kikwit Democratic Republic of Congo: their feelings and experiences. Trop Med Int Health 3: 883\u2013885. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qureshi AI Chughtai M Loua TO Pe Kolie J Camara HF Ishfaq MF N\u2019Dour CT Beavogui K. 2015. Study of Ebola virus disease survivors in Guinea. Clin Infect Dis 61: 1035\u20131042. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nanyonga M Saidu J Ramsay A Shindo N Bausch DG. 2016. Sequelae of Ebola virus disease Kenema District Sierra Leone. Clin Infect Dis 62: 125\u2013126. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ795"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bwaka MA Bonnet MJ Calain P Colebunders R De Roo A Guimard Y Katwiki KR Kibadi K Kipasa MA Kuvula KJ Mapanda BB Massamba M Mupapa KD Muyembe-Tamfum JJ Ndaberey E Peters CJ Rollin PE Van den Enden E Van den Enden E. 1999. Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S1\u2013S7. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kibadi K Mupapa K Kuvula K Massamba M Ndaberey D Muyembe-Tamfum JJ Bwaka MA De Roo A Colebunders R. 1999. Late ophthalmologic manifestations in survivors of the 1995 Ebola virus epidemic in Kikwit Democratic Republic of the Congo. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S13\u2013S14. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wendo C. 2001. Caring for the survivors of Uganda\u2019s Ebola epidemic one year on. Lancet 358: 1350. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06467-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed A Sheikh TL Gidado S Poggensee G Nguku P Olayinka A Ohuabunwo C Waziri N Shuaib F Adeyemi J Uzoma O Ahmed A Doherty F Nyanti SB Nzuki CK Nasidi A Oyemakinde A Oguntimehin O Abdus-Salam IA Obiako RO. 2015. An evaluation of psychological distress and social support of survivors and contacts of Ebola virus disease infection and their relatives in Lagos Nigeria: a cross sectional study: 2014. BMC Public Health 15: 824. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2167-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattia JG Vandy MJ Chang JC Platt DE Dierberg K Bausch DG Brooks T Conteh S Crozier I Fowler RA Kamara AP Kang C Mahadevan S Mansaray Y Marcell L McKay G O\u2019Dempsey T Parris V Pinto R Rangel A Salam AP Shantha J Wolfman V Yeh S Chan AK Mishra S. 2015. Early clinical sequelae of Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 331\u2013338. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00489-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emond RT Evans B Bowen ET Lloyd G. 1977. A case of Ebola virus infection. BMJ 2: 541\u2013544. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6086.541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Formenty P Hatz C Le Guenno B Stoll A Rogenmoser P Widmer A. 1999. Human infection due to Ebola virus subtype C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: clinical and biologic presentation. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S48\u2013S53. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","unstructured":"Christie A Davies-Wayne GJ Cordier-Lassalle T Blackley DJ Laney AS Williams DE Shinde SA Badio M Lo T Mate SE Ladner JT Wiley MR Kugelman JR Palacios G Holbrook MR Janosko KB de Wit E van Doremalen N Munster VJ Pettitt J Schoepp RJ Verhenne L Evlampidou I Kollie KK Sieh SB Gasasira A Bolay F Kateh FN Nyenswah TG De Cock KM Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2015. Possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus: Liberia 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64: 479\u2013481. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mate SE Kugelman JR Nyenswah TG Ladner JT Wiley MR Cordier-Lassalle T Christie A Schroth GP Gross SM Davies-Wayne GJ Shinde SA Murugan R Sieh SB Badio M Fakoli L Taweh F de Wit E van Doremalen N Munster VJ Pettitt J Prieto K Humrighouse BW Str\u00f6her U DiClaro JW Hensley LE Schoepp RJ Safronetz D Fair J Kuhn JH Blackley DJ Laney AS Williams DE Lo T Gasasira A Nichol ST Formenty P Kateh FN De Cock KM Bolay F Sanchez-Lockhart M Palacios G. 2015. Molecular evidence of sexual transmission of Ebola virus. N Engl J Med 373: 2448\u20132454. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509773"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jampol LM Ferris FL III Bishop RJ. 2015. Ebola and the eye. JAMA Ophthalmol 133: 1105\u20131106. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.2400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liddell AM Davey RT Jr Mehta AK Varkey JB Kraft CS Tseggay GK Badidi O Faust AC Brown KV Suffredini AF Barrett K Wolcott MJ Marconi VC Lyon GM III Weinstein GL Weinmeister K Sutton S Hazbun M Albari\u00f1o CG Reed Z Cannon D Str\u00f6her U Feldman M Ribner BS Lane HC Fauci AS Uyeki TM. 2015. Characteristics and clinical management of a cluster of 3 patients with Ebola virus disease including the first domestically acquired cases in the United States. Ann Intern Med 163: 81\u201390. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora-Rillo M Arsuaga M Ram\u00edrez-Olivencia G de la Calle F Borobia AM S\u00e1nchez-Seco P Lago M Figueira JC Fern\u00e1ndez-Puntero B Viejo A Negredo A Nu\u00f1ez C Flores E Carcas AJ Jim\u00e9nez-Yuste V Lasala F Garc\u00eda-de-Lorenzo A Arnalich F Arribas JR La Paz-Carlos III University Hospital Isolation Unit. 2015. Acute respiratory distress syndrome after convalescent plasma use: treatment of a patient with Ebola virus disease contracted in Madrid Spain. Lancet Respir Med 3: 554\u2013562. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00180-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomori O Fabiyi A Sorungbe A Smith A McCormick JB. 1988. Viral hemorrhagic fever antibodies in Nigerian populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38: 407\u2013410. [PubMed]","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auperin DD Esposito JJ Lange JV Bauer SP Knight J Sasso DR McCormick JB. 1988. Construction of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the Lassa virus glycoprotein gene and protection of guinea pigs from a lethal Lassa virus infection. Virus Res 9: 233\u2013248. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(88)90033-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch DG Towner JS Dowell SF Kaducu F Lukwiya M Sanchez A Nichol ST Ksiazek TG Rollin PE. 2007. Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites. J Infect Dis 196 (Suppl 2) : S142\u2013S147. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/520545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez LL De Roo A Guimard Y Trappier SG Sanchez A Bressler D Williams AJ Rowe AK Bertolli J Khan AS Ksiazek TG Peters CJ Nichol ST. 1999. Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit Democratic Republic of the Congo 1995. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S170\u2013S176. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deen GF Knust B Broutet N Sesay FR Formenty P Ross C Thorson AE Massaquoi TA Marrinan JE Ervin E Jambai A McDonald SL Bernstein K Wurie AH Dumbuya MS Abad N Idriss B Wi T Bennett SD Davies T Ebrahim FK Meites E Naidoo D Smith S Banerjee A Erickson BR Brault A Durski KN Winter J Sealy T Nichol ST Lamunu M Str\u00f6her U Morgan O Sahr F. 2015. Ebola RNA persistence in semen of Ebola virus disease survivors: preliminary report. N Engl J Med . doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa1511410. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uyeki TM Erickson BR Brown S McElroy AK Cannon D Gibbons A Sealy T Kainulainen MH Schuh AJ Kraft CS Mehta AK Lyon GM III Varkey JB Ribner BS Ellison RT III Carmody E Nau GJ Spiropoulou C Nichol ST Str\u00f6her U. 2016. Ebola virus persistence in semen of male survivors. Clin Infect Dis . [Epub ahead of print.] doi:10.1093\/cid\/ciw202. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eggo RM Watson CH Camacho A Kucharski AJ Funk S Edmunds WJ. 2015. Duration of Ebola virus RNA persistence in semen of survivors: population-level estimates and projections. Euro Surveill 20: 30083. http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=21326. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.48.30083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baggi FM Taybi A Kurth A Van Herp M Di Caro A W\u00f6lfel R G\u00fcnther S Decroo T Declerck H Jonckheere S. 2014. Management of pregnant women infected with Ebola virus in a treatment centre in Guinea June 2014. Euro Surveill 19: 19. http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20983.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.49.20983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mupapa K Mukundu W Bwaka MA Kipasa M De Roo A Kuvula K Kibadi K Massamba M Ndaberey D Colebunders R Muyembe-Tamfum JJ. 1999. Ebola hemorrhagic fever and pregnancy. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S11\u2013S12. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oduyebo T Pineda D Lamin M Leung A Corbett C Jamieson DJ. 2015. A pregnant patient with Ebola virus disease. Obstet Gynecol 126: 1273\u20131275. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bower H Grass JE Veltus E Brault A Campbell S Basile AJ Wang D Paddock CD Erickson BR Salzer JS Belser J Chege E Seneca D Saffa G Stroeher U Decroo T Caleo GM. 2015. Delivery of an Ebola virus-positive stillborn infant in a rural community health center Sierra Leone January 2015. Am J Trop Med Hyg 94: 417\u2013419. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson JM Griese SE Goodman AB Peacock G. 2015. Live neonates born to mothers with Ebola virus disease: a review of the literature. J Perinatol . [Epub ahead of print.] doi:10.1038\/jp.2015.189. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caluwaerts S Fautsch T Lagrou D Moreau M Modet Camara A Gunther S Di Caro A Borremans B Raymond Koundouno F Akoi Bore J Logue CH Richter M Wolfel R Kuisma E Kurth A Thomas S Burkhardt G Erland E Lionetto F Lledo Weber P de la Rosa O Macpherson H Van Herp M. 2016. Dilemmas in managing pregnant women with Ebola: 2 case reports. Clin Infect Dis 62: 903\u2013905. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordenstedt H Bah EI de la Vega MA Barry M N\u2019Faly M Barry M Crahay B Decroo T Van Herp M Ingelbeen B. 2016. Ebola virus in breast milk in an Ebola virus-positive mother with twin babies Guinea 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 22: 759\u2013760. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2204.151880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","unstructured":"CDC WHO. 1998. Infection Control for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers in the African Health Care Setting. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/ebola\/whoemcesr982sec1-4.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2008. Interim Infection Control Recommendations for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus (Ebola Marburg) Haemorrhagic Fever. WHO Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hersi M Stevens A Quach P Hamel C Thavorn K Garritty C Skidmore B Vallenas C Norris SL Egger M Eremin S Ferri M Shindo N Moher D. 2015. Effectiveness of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers caring for patients with filovirus disease: a rapid review. PLoS One 10: e0140290. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0140290. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franklin SM. 2016. A comparison of personal protective standards: caring for patients with Ebola virus. Clin Nurse Spec 30: E1\u2013E8. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1097\/NUR.0000000000000183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faye O Bo\u00eblle PY Heleze E Faye O Loucoubar C Magassouba N Soropogui B Keita S Gakou T Bah HI Koivogui L Sall AA Cauchemez S. 2015. Chains of transmission and control of Ebola virus disease in Conakry Guinea in 2014: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 320\u2013326. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71075-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brainard J Pond K Hooper L Edmunds K Hunter P. 2016. Presence and persistence of Ebola or Marburg virus in patients and survivors: a rapid systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004475. doi:10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004475. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mupapa K Massamba M Kibadi K Kuvula K Bwaka A Kipasa M Colebunders R Muyembe-Tamfum JJ International Scientific and Technical Committee. 1999. Treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever with blood transfusions from convalescent patients. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S18\u2013S23. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahrling PB Geisbert JB Swearengen JR Larsen T Geisbert TW. 2007. Ebola hemorrhagic fever: evaluation of passive immunotherapy in nonhuman primates. J Infect Dis 196 (Suppl 2) : S400\u2013S403. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/520587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Griensven J Edwards T de Lamballerie X Semple MG Gallian P Baize S Horby PW Raoul H Magassouba N Antierens A Lomas C Faye O Sall AA Fransen K Buyze J Ravinetto R Tiberghien P Claeys Y De Crop M Lynen L Bah EI Smith PG Delamou A De Weggheleire A Haba N Ebola-Tx Consortium. 2016. Evaluation of convalescent plasma for Ebola virus disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med 374: 33\u201342. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511812"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu X Wong G Audet J Bello A Fernando L Alimonti JB Fausther-Bovendo H Wei H Aviles J Hiatt E Johnson A Morton J Swope K Bohorov O Bohorova N Goodman C Kim D Pauly MH Velasco J Pettitt J Olinger GG Whaley K Xu B Strong JE Zeitlin L Kobinger GP. 2014. Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp. Nature 514: 47\u201353. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","unstructured":"Davey RA. 2016. Prevail II: a randomized controlled trial of ZMapp in acute Ebola virus infection abstr 77LB. Conf. Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Boston MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kugelman JR Kugelman-Tonos J Ladner JT Pettit J Keeton CM Nagle ER Garcia KY Froude JW Kuehne AI Kuhn JH Bavari S Zeitlin L Dye JM Olinger GG Sanchez-Lockhart M Palacios GF. 2015. Emergence of Ebola virus escape variants in infected nonhuman primates treated with the MB-003 antibody cocktail. Cell Rep 12: 2111\u20132120. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geisbert TW Lee AC Robbins M Geisbert JB Honko AN Sood V Johnson JC de Jong S Tavakoli I Judge A Hensley LE Maclachlan I. 2010. Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet 375: 1896\u20131905. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60357-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thi EP Mire CE Lee ACH Geisbert JB Zhou JZ Agans KN Snead NM Deer DJ Barnard TR Fenton KA MacLachlan I Geisbert TW. 2015. Lipid nanoparticle siRNA treatment of Ebola-virus-Makona-infected nonhuman primates. Nature 521: 362\u2013365. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunning J Sahr F Rojek A Gannon F Carson G Idriss B Massaquoi T Gandi R Joseph S Osman HK Brooks TJ Simpson AJ Goodfellow I Thorne L Arias A Merson L Castle L Howell-Jones R Pardinaz-Solis R Hope-Gill B Ferri M Grove J Kowalski M Stepniewska K Lang T Whitehead J Olliaro P Samai M Horby PW RAPIDE-TKM Trial Team. 2016. Experimental treatment of Ebola virus disease with TKM-130803: a single-arm phase 2 clinical trial. PLoS Med 13: e1001997. doi:10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001997. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oestereich L L\u00fcdtke A Wurr S Rieger T Mu\u00f1oz-Fontela C G\u00fcnther S. 2014. Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model. Antiviral Res 105: 17\u201321. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","unstructured":"Sissoko D Folkesson E Abdoul M Beavogui A Gunther S Shepherd S Danel C Mentre F Anglaret X Malvy D. 2015. Favipiravir in patients with Ebola virus disease: early results of the JIKI trial in Guinea abstr 103-ALB. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections Seattle WA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gignoux E Azman AS de Smet M Azuma P Massaquoi M Job D Tiffany A Petrucci R Sterk E Potet J Suzuki M Kurth A Cannas A Bocquin A Strecker T Logue C Pottage T Yue C Cabrol JC Serafini M Ciglenecki I. 2016. Effect of artesunate-amodiaquine on mortality related to Ebola virus disease. N Engl J Med 374: 23\u201332. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2015. Vaccines. http:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/ebola-treatment\/emp_ebola_vaccines\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henao-Restrepo AM Longini IM Egger M Dean NE Edmunds WJ Camacho A Carroll MW Doumbia M Draguez B Duraffour S Enwere G Grais R Gunther S Hossmann S Kond\u00e9 MK Kone S Kuisma E Levine MM Mandal S Norheim G Riveros X Soumah A Trelle S Vicari AS Watson CH K\u00e9\u00efta S Kieny MP R\u00f8ttingen JA. 2015. Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine expressing Ebola surface glycoprotein: interim results from the Guinea ring vaccination cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 386: 857\u2013866. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61117-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huttner A Dayer JA Yerly S Combescure C Auderset F Desmeules J Eickmann M Finckh A Goncalves AR Hooper JW Kaya G Kr\u00e4hling V Kwilas S Lema\u00eetre B Matthey A Silvera P Becker S Fast PE Moorthy V Kieny MP Kaiser L Siegrist CA VSV-Ebola Consortium. 2015. The effect of dose on the safety and immunogenicity of the VSV Ebola candidate vaccine: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled phase 1\/2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 1156\u20131166. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00154-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agnandji ST Huttner A Zinser ME Njuguna P Dahlke C Fernandes JF Yerly S Dayer J-A Kraehling V Kasonta R Adegnika AA Altfeld M Auderset F Bache EB Biedenkopf N Borregaard S Brosnahan JS Burrow R Combescure C Desmeules J Eickmann M Fehling SK Finckh A Goncalves AR Grobusch MP Hooper J Jambrecina A Kabwende AL Kaya G Kimani D Lell B Lema\u00eetre B Lohse AW Massinga-Loembe M Matthey A Mordm\u00fcller B Nolting A Ogwang C Ramharter M Schmidt-Chanasit J Schmiedel S Silvera P Stahl FR Staines HM Strecker T Stubbe HC Tsofa B Zaki S Fast P Moorthy V Kaiser L Krishna S Becker S Kieny MP Bejon P Kremsner PG Addo MM Siegrist C-A. 2015. Phase 1 trials of rVSV Ebola vaccine in Africa and Europe: preliminary report. N Engl J Med . doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa1502924. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1502924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Santis O Audran R Pothin E Warpelin-Decrausaz L Vallotton L Wuerzner G Cochet C Estoppey D Steiner-Monard V Lonchampt S Thierry AC Mayor C Bailer RT Mbaya OT Zhou Y Ploquin A Sullivan NJ Graham BS Roman F De Ryck I Ballou WR Kieny MP Moorthy V Spertini F Genton B. 2016. Safety and immunogenicity of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored Ebola vaccine in healthy adults: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled dose-finding phase 1\/2a study. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 311\u2013320. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00486-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch DG. 2014. One step closer to an Ebola virus vaccine. N Engl J Med . doi:10.1056\/NEJMe1414305. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1414305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tapia MD Sow SO Lyke KE Haidara FC Diallo F Doumbia M Traore A Coulibaly F Kodio M Onwuchekwa U Sztein MB Wahid R Campbell JD Kieny MP Moorthy V Imoukhuede EB Rampling T Roman F De Ryck I Bellamy AR Dally L Mbaya OT Ploquin A Zhou Y Stanley DA Bailer R Koup RA Roederer M Ledgerwood J Hill AV Ballou WR Sullivan N Graham B Levine MM. 2016. Use of ChAd3-EBO-Z Ebola virus vaccine in Malian and US adults and boosting of Malian adults with MVA-BN-Filo: a phase 1 single-blind randomised trial a phase 1b open-label and double-blind dose-escalation trial and a nested randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 31\u201342. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00362-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ksiazek TG Rollin PE Williams AJ Bressler DS Martin ML Swanepoel R Burt FJ Leman PA Khan AS Rowe AK Mukunu R Sanchez A Peters CJ. 1999. Clinical virology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF): virus virus antigen and IgG and IgM antibody findings among EHF patients in Kikwit Democratic Republic of the Congo 1995. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S177\u2013S187. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ksiazek TG West CP Rollin PE Jahrling PB Peters CJ. 1999. ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S192\u2013S198. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Towner JS Rollin PE Bausch DG Sanchez A Crary SM Vincent M Lee WF Spiropoulou CF Ksiazek TG Lukwiya M Kaducu F Downing R Nichol ST. 2004. Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome. J Virol 78: 4330\u20134341. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.8.4330-4341.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Dempsey T Khan SH Bausch DG. 2015. Rethinking the discharge policy for Ebola convalescents in an accelerating epidemic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 238\u2013239. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhillon RS Srikrishna D Garry RF Chowell G. 2015. Ebola control: rapid diagnostic testing. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 147\u2013148. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71035-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gire SK Goba A Andersen KG Sealfon RS Park DJ Kanneh L Jalloh S Momoh M Fullah M Dudas G Wohl S Moses LM Yozwiak NL Winnicki S Matranga CB Malboeuf CM Qu J Gladden AD Schaffner SF Yang X Jiang PP Nekoui M Colubri A Coomber MR Fonnie M Moigboi A Gbakie M Kamara FK Tucker V Konuwa E Saffa S Sellu J Jalloh AA Kovoma A Koninga J Mustapha I Kargbo K Foday M Yillah M Kanneh F Robert W Massally JL Chapman SB Bochicchio J Murphy C Nusbaum C Young S Birren BW Grant DS Scheiffelin JS Lander ES Happi C Gevao SM Gnirke A Rambaut A Garry RF Khan SH Sabeti PC. 2014. Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak. Science 345: 1369\u20131372. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park DJ Dudas G Wohl S Goba A Whitmer SL Andersen KG Sealfon RS Ladner JT Kugelman JR Matranga CB Winnicki SM Qu J Gire SK Gladden-Young A Jalloh S Nosamiefan D Yozwiak NL Moses LM Jiang PP Lin AE Schaffner SF Bird B Towner J Mamoh M Gbakie M Kanneh L Kargbo D Massally JL Kamara FK Konuwa E Sellu J Jalloh AA Mustapha I Foday M Yillah M Erickson BR Sealy T Blau D Paddock C Brault A Amman B Basile J Bearden S Belser J Bergeron E Campbell S Chakrabarti A Dodd K Flint M Gibbons A Goodman C Klena J McMullan L Morgan L Russell B Salzer J Sanchez A Wang D Jungreis I Tomkins-Tinch C Kislyuk A Lin MF Chapman S MacInnis B Matthews A Bochicchio J Hensley LE Kuhn JH Nusbaum C Schieffelin JS Birren BW Forget M Nichol ST Palacios GF Ndiaye D Happi C Gevao SM Vandi MA Kargbo B Holmes EC Bedford T Gnirke A Str\u00f6her U Rambaut A Garry RF Sabeti PC. 2015. Ebola virus epidemiology transmission and evolution during seven months in Sierra Leone. Cell 161: 1516\u20131526. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matranga CB Andersen KG Winnicki S Busby M Gladden AD Tewhey R Stremlau M Berlin A Gire SK England E Moses LM Mikkelsen TS Odia I Ehiane PE Folarin O Goba A Kahn SH Grant DS Honko A Hensley L Happi C Garry RF Malboeuf CM Birren BW Gnirke A Levin JZ Sabeti PC. 2014. Enhanced methods for unbiased deep sequencing of Lassa and Ebola RNA viruses from clinical and biological samples. Genome Biol 15: 519. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0519-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kugelman JR Sanchez-Lockhart M Andersen KG Gire S Park DJ Sealfon R Lin AE Wohl S Sabeti PC Kuhn JH Palacios GF. 2015. Evaluation of the potential impact of Ebola virus genomic drift on the efficacy of sequence-based candidate therapeutics. MBio 6: e02227-14. doi:10.1128\/mBio.02227-14. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02227-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_140_2","unstructured":"United Nations. 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/universal-declaration-human-rights\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bausch DG Bangura J Garry RF Goba A Grant DS Jacquerioz FA McLellan SL Jalloh S Moses LM Schieffelin JS. 2014. A tribute to Sheik Humarr Khan and all the healthcare workers in West Africa who have sacrificed in the fight against Ebola virus disease: mae we hush. Antiviral Res 111: 33\u201335. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosello A Mossoko M Flasche S Van Hoek AJ Mbala P Camacho A Funk S Kucharski A Ilunga BK Edmunds WJ Piot P Baguelin M Tamfum JJ. 2015. Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1976-2014. eLife 4: 4. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.09015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heymann DL Weisfeld JS Webb PA Johnson KM Cairns T Berquist H. 1980. Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Tandala Zaire 1977-1978. J Infect Dis 142: 372\u2013376. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/142.3.372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_144_2","unstructured":"Baron RC McCormick JB Zubeir OA. 1983. Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan: hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread. Bull World Health Organ 61: 997\u20131003. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georges AJ Leroy EM Renaut AA Benissan CT Nabias RJ Ngoc MT Obiang PI Lepage JP Bertherat EJ B\u00e9noni DD Wickings EJ Amblard JP Lansoud-Soukate JM Milleliri JM Baize S Georges-Courbot MC. 1999. Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon 1994-1997: epidemiologic and health control issues. J Infect Dis 179 (Suppl 1) : S65\u2013S75. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/514290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Guenno B Formenty P Wyers M Gounon P Walker F Boesch C. 1995. Isolation and partial characterisation of a new strain of Ebola virus. Lancet 345: 1271\u20131274. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90925-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richards GA Murphy S Jobson R Mer M Zinman C Taylor R Swanepoel R Duse A Sharp G De La Rey IC Kassianides C. 2000. Unexpected Ebola virus in a tertiary setting: clinical and epidemiologic aspects. Crit Care Med 28: 240\u2013244. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200001000-00041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okware SI Omaswa FG Zaramba S Opio A Lutwama JJ Kamugisha J Rwaguma EB Kagwa P Lamunu M. 2002. An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda. Trop Med Int Health 7: 1068\u20131075. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00944.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_149_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2003. Outbreak(s) of Ebola haemorrhagic fever Congo and Gabon October 2001-July 2002. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 78: 223\u2013228. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_150_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2004. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo: update 6. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/2004_01_06\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_151_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2005. Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Yambio South Sudan April - June 2004. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 80: 370\u2013375. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_152_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2009. End of Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/2009_02_17\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shoemaker T MacNeil A Balinandi S Campbell S Wamala JF McMullan LK Downing R Lutwama J Mbidde E Str\u00f6her U Rollin PE Nichol ST. 2012. Reemerging Sudan Ebola virus disease in Uganda 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1480\u20131483. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1809.111536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_154_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2012. End of Ebola outbreak in Uganda. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/2012_10_04\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_155_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2012. Outbreak news. Ebola haemorrhagic fever Uganda: update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 87: 493. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_156_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2015. Ebola response roadmap situation report. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland. http:\/\/apps\/who.int\/ebola\/current-situation\/ebola-situation-report-4-november-2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sissoko D Laouenan C Folkesson E M\u2019Lebing AB Beavogui AH Baize S Camara AM Maes P Shepherd S Danel C Carazo S Conde MN Gala JL Colin G Savini H Bore JA Le Marcis F Koundouno FR Petitjean F Lamah MC Diederich S Tounkara A Poelart G Berbain E Dindart JM Duraffour S Lefevre A Leno T Peyrouset O Irenge L Bangoura N Palich R Hinzmann J Kraus A Barry TS Berette S Bongono A Camara MS Chanfreau Munoz V Doumbouya L Souley Harouna Kighoma PM Koundouno FR R\u00e9n\u00e9 Lolamou Loua CM Massala V Moumouni K Provost C Samake N Sekou C Soumah A Arnould I Komano MS Gustin L Berutto C Camara D Camara FS Colpaert J Delamou L Jansson L Kourouma E Loua M Malme K Manfrin E Maomou A Milinouno A Ombelet S Sidiboun AY Verreckt I Yombouno P Bocquin A Carbonnelle C Carmoi T Frange P Mely S Nguyen VK Pannetier D Taburet AM Treluyer JM Kolie J Moh R Gonzalez MC Kuisma E Liedigk B Ngabo D Rudolf M Thom R Kerber R Gabriel M Di Caro A W\u00f6lfel R Badir J Bentahir M Deccache Y Dumont C Durant JF El Bakkouri K Gasasira Uwamahoro M Smits B Toufik N Van Cauwenberghe S Ezzedine K Dortenzio E Pizarro L Etienne A Guedj J Fizet A Barte de Sainte Fare E Murgue B Tran-Minh T Rapp C Piguet P Poncin M Draguez B Allaford Duverger T Barbe S Baret G Defourny I Carroll M Raoul H Augier A Eholie SP Yazdanpanah Y Levy-Marchal C Antierrens A Van Herp M G\u00fcnther S de Lamballerie X Ke\u00efta S Mentre F Anglaret X Malvy D JIKI Study Group. 2016. Experimental treatment with favipiravir for Ebola virus disease (the JIKI Trial): a historically controlled single-arm proof-of-concept trial in Guinea. PLoS Med 13: e1001967. doi:10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001967.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001967"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0022-2016","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0022-2016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T07:10:02Z","timestamp":1646723402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0022-2016"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"W. Michael","family":"Scheld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Whitley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0022-2016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.ei10-0022-2016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4.3.39"}}