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Although the most common infection of consequence in temperate climates is pharyngitis, the past 25 years have witnessed a dramatic increase in invasive disease in many regions of the world. Historically,\n            <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            has been associated with sepsis and fulminate systemic infections, but the mechanism by which these streptococci traverse mucosal or epidermal barriers is not understood. The discovery that\n            <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            can be internalized by mammalian epithelial cells at high frequencies (\n            <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">1<\/jats:xref>\n            \u2013\n            <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">3<\/jats:xref>\n            ) and\/or open tight junctions to pass between cells (\n            <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">4<\/jats:xref>\n            ) provides potential explanations for changes in epidemiology and the ability of this species to breach such barriers. In this article, the invasins and pathways that\n            <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            uses to reach the intracellular state are reviewed, and the relationship between intracellular invasion and human disease is discussed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.gpp3-0049-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T12:45:21Z","timestamp":1562157921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Intracellular Invasion by\n            <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>\n            : Invasins, Host Receptors, and Relevance to Human Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Beinan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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