{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:48:22Z","timestamp":1791866902372,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]],"date-time":"2015-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>A popular leisure activity, international travel can be associated with some infections. The most common travel-related illnesses appear to be gastrointestinal, dermatologic, respiratory, and systemic febrile syndromes. The pretravel medical consultation includes immunizations, malaria chemoprophylaxis, self-treatment for traveler\u2019s diarrhea, and advice on the prevention of a myriad of other infectious causes including dengue, chikungunya, rickettsiosis, leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, and strongyloidiasis. Travel to locations experiencing outbreaks such as Ebola virus disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome, avian influenza, and chikungunya call for specific alerts on preventive strategies. After travel, evaluation of an ill traveler must explore details of exposure, including destinations visited; activities; ingestion of contaminated food or drinks; contact with vectors, animals, fresh water, or blood and body fluids; and other potential exposures. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of infectious diseases is important in generating the differential diagnoses and testing accordingly. Empiric treatment is sometimes necessary when suspicion of a certain diagnosis is strong and confirmatory tests are delayed or lacking, particularly for infections that are rapidly progressive (for example, malaria) or for which timing of testing is prolonged (such as leptospirosis).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.iol5-0005-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T15:11:06Z","timestamp":1438873866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Infectious Risks of Traveling Abroad"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Lin H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02138"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbra M.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. CDC Health Information for International Travel 2014 . Oxford University Press New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill DR. 2000. Health problems in a large cohort of Americans travelling to developing countries. J Travel Med 7: 259\u2013266. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.2310\/7060.2000.00075"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill DR Ericsson CD Pearson RD Keystone JS Freedman DO Kozarsky PE DuPont HL Bia FJ Fischer PR Ryan ET Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2006. The practice of travel medicine: guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 43: 1499\u20131539. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1086\/508782"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leder K Torresi J Libman MD Cramer JP Castelli F Schlagenhauf P Wilder-Smith A Wilson ME Keystone JS Schwartz E Barnett ED von Sonnenburg F Brownstein JS Cheng AC Sotir MJ Esposito DH Freedman DO GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. 2013. GeoSentinel surveillance of illness in returned travelers 2007-2011. Ann Intern Med 158: 456\u2013468. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-6-201303190-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lederman ER Weld LH Elyazer IRF von Sonnenberg F Loutan L Schwartz E Keystone JS. 2008. Dermatologic conditions of the ill returned traveler: an analysis from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Int J Infect Dis 12: 593\u2013601. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","unstructured":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. 2011. 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[PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit816"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan ET Wilson ME Kain KC. 2002. Illness after international travel. N Engl J Med 347: 505\u2013516. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020118"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steffen R Hill DR DuPont HL. 2015. Traveler\u2019s diarrhea. JAMA 313: 71\u201380. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.17006"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0005-2015","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0005-2015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T22:18:28Z","timestamp":1748557108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0005-2015"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Schlossberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0005-2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.iol5-0005-2015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2165-0497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-08-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3.4.23"}}