{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:23:28Z","timestamp":1791937408801,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Historically, the rat has been considered a scourge to mankind, for example, rats infected with the plague bacillus that caused the Black Death, which accounted for millions of deaths in Europe during the Middle Ages. At least three pandemics (in the 5th and 6th, 8th through 14th, and 19th through 21st centuries) of plague ravaged civilizations, and the disease undoubtedly plagued humankind prior to recorded history. Also, numerous other diseases are spread to humans by rats; thus, a quote from Hans Zinsser\u2019s text\n            <jats:italic>Rats, Lice, and History<\/jats:italic>\n            , \u201cMan and rat will always be pitted against each other as implacable enemies,\u201d conveys the general revulsion that society holds for the wild rat.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.iol5-0015-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T18:00:14Z","timestamp":1446746414000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diseases Transmitted by Man\u2019s Worst Friend: the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"James G.","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comparative Medicine, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumstark J Beck W Hofmann. 2007. 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