{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:59:31Z","timestamp":1762999171296,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Spectr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            This chapter is unique in its focus on infections that are acquired in water. For those who like to swim and spend time in water parks and pools, the exposure to water and therefore the risk of infection is higher. Recreational water illnesses are illnesses related to recreation in water. Of these recreational water illnesses, infections are the most common because water laden with microorganisms or contaminated by human activity gains access to healthy tissue through the skin and body orifices. Infection occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or direct invasion of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal infections are the most common. This chapter discusses skin and soft tissue infections, ocular infections, urinary tract infections, pulmonary infections, central nervous system infections, and disseminated infections that can occur as people come into contact with natural nonmarine water bodies as well as manmade aquatic environments. Most of these infections are mild but can occasionally be life threatening. There is a focus on the latest methods to treat these infections.\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            is a very common pathogen in water. The chapter discusses\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            dermatitis at length and also looks at keratitis and pneumonia caused by this organism. The chapter also discusses the latest treatments for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a severe life-threatening illness with a high mortality, caused by\n            <jats:italic>Naegleria fowleri<\/jats:italic>\n            . Finally, there is an in-depth discussion of the notorious gastrointestinal illnesses such as norovirus and\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            that can affect large numbers of people at a time.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.iol5-0019-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T15:00:13Z","timestamp":1456412413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Infections Acquired via Fresh Water: From Lakes to Hot Tubs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Bertha","family":"Ayi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Infectious Disease Services, PC, Sioux City, IA 51104"},{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4330"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aronson JD. 1926. Spontaneous tuberculosis in saltwater fish. J Infect Dis 39: 315\u2013319. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/39.4.315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisno AL. 1984. Cutaneous infections: microbiologic and epidemiologic considerations. Am J Med 76: 172\u2013179. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90261-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castor ML Beach MJ. 2004. Reducing illness transmission from disinfected recreational water venues. Swimming diarrhea and the emergence of a new public health concern. Pediatr Infect Dis J 23: 866\u2013870. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000138081.84891.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cort WW. 1928. Schistosome dermatitis in the United States (Michigan). JAMA 90: 1027\u20131029. [CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1928.02690400023010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","unstructured":"Hlavsa MC Roberts VA Khaler AM Hilborn ED Wade TJ Backer LC Yoder JS. 2014. Recreational water-associated outbreaks: United States 2009-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 6\u201310. [PubMed]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz AR Buchholz AE Hinson K Park Y Effler P. 2011. Leptospirosis in Hawaii USA 1999-2008. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 221\u2013226 [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1702.101109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schets FM De Roda Husman AM Havelaar AH. 2011. Disease outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water use. Epidemiol Infect 139: 1114\u20131125. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winthrop KL Abrams M Yakrus M Schwartz I Ely J Gillies D Vugia DJ. 2002. An outbreak of mycobacterial furunculosis associated with footbaths at a nail salon. N Engl J Med 346: 1366\u20131371. [PubMed][CrossRef]","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012643"}],"container-title":["Microbiology Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0019-2015","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0019-2015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T06:19:50Z","timestamp":1646720390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0019-2015"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Schlossberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/microbiolspec.IOL5-0019-2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.iol5-0019-2015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2165-0497"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2165-0497"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3.6.06"}}