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The first model (model 1) uses submerged liquid conditions and is characterized by slow growth, while the second model (model 2) uses agar medium and aerial conditions and is characterized by rapid growth. The composition of the ECM was studied only in the second model and has been shown to be composed of galactomannan, galactosaminogalactan (GAG), and \u03b11,3 glucans, melanin, antigens, and hydrophobins. The presence of extracellular DNA was detected in model 1 biofilm but not in model 2. Transcriptomic analysis employing both biofilm models showed upregulation of genes coding for proteins involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, adhesion, and drug resistance. However, most data on\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms have been obtained\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and should be confirmed using\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    animal models. There is a need for new therapeutic antibiofilm strategies that focus on the use of combination therapy, since biofilm formation poses an important clinical problem due to their resistance to antifungal agents. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    investigations of\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms that incorporate the associated microbiota are needed. Such studies will add another layer of complexity to our understanding of the role of\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilm during lung invasion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.mb-0017-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,9]],"date-time":"2015-07-09T10:11:38Z","timestamp":1436436698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["<i>Aspergillus<\/i>\n                    Biofilm\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Beauvais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Latg\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latg\u00e9 JP Steinbach WJ. 2009. 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