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Here we discuss recent advances from a mouse model for\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            diarrhea. Mouse models mimic the enhanced susceptibility of antibiotic-treated individuals to nontyphoidal salmonellosis. In streptomycin-pretreated mice,\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n            subspecies 1 serovar Typhimurium efficiently colonizes the gut lumen and elicits pronounced enteropathy. In the host\u2019s gut,\n            <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n            Typhimurium forms two subpopulations that cooperate to elicit disease and optimize transmission. The disease-causing subpopulation expresses a set of dedicated virulence factors (the type 3 secretion system 1 [TTSS-1]) that drive gut tissue invasion. The virulence factor expression is \u201ccostly\u201d by retarding the growth rate and exposing the pathogen to innate immune defenses within the gut tissue. These costs are compensated by the gut inflammation (a \u201cpublic good\u201d) that is induced by the invading subpopulation. The inflamed gut lumen fuels\n            <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n            Typhimurium growth, in particular that of the TTSS-1 \u201coff\u201d subpopulation. The latter grows up to very high densities and promotes transmission. Thus, both phenotypes cooperate to elicit disease and ensure transmission. This system has provided an experimental framework for studying within-host evolution of pathogen virulence, how cooperative virulence is stabilized, and how environmental changes (e.g., antibiotic therapy) affect the transmission of the virulent genotype.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.mtbp-0012-2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T12:45:13Z","timestamp":1504874713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Basic Processes in\n            <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n            -Host Interactions: Within-Host Evolution and the Transmission of the Virulent Genotype"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"M\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Diard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolf-Dietrich","family":"Hardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falkow S. 1988. 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