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Type 1 and P pili of uropathogenic\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (UPEC) are the two best-studied CU pilus examples, and here we primarily focus on the former. UPEC can be transmitted to the urinary tract by fecal shedding. It can then ascend up the urinary tract and cause disease by invading and colonizing host tissues of the bladder, causing cystitis, and the kidneys, causing pyelonephritis. FimH is the subunit displayed at the tip of type 1 pili and mediates adhesion to mannosylated host cells via a unique catch-bond mechanism. In response to shear forces caused by urine flow, FimH can transition from a low-affinity to high-affinity binding mode. This clever allosteric mechanism allows UPEC cells to remain tightly attached during periods of urine flow, while loosening their grip to allow dissemination through the urinary tract during urine stasis. Moreover, the bulk of a CU pilus is made up of the rod, which can reversibly uncoil in response to urine flow to evenly spread the tensile forces over the entire pilus length. We here explore the novel structural and mechanistic findings relating to the type 1 pilus FimH catch-bond and rod uncoiling and explain how they function together to enable successful attachment, spread, and persistence in the hostile urinary tract.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.psib-0010-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T12:45:14Z","timestamp":1548420314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Remarkable Biomechanical Properties of the Type 1 Chaperone-Usher Pilus: A Structural and Molecular Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Manuela K.","family":"Hospenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Z\u00fcrich, 8093 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Waksman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thanassi DG Saulino ET Hultgren SJ. 1998. 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