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This could, in part, be attributable to the widespread use of antibiotics and similar antimicrobial agents, which for many decades have been both highly effective and relatively inexpensive to administer. In light of the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria among urinary tract infection isolates, interest in understanding the immune system in the urinary tract has grown. Several recent studies have revealed the existence of a powerful and highly coordinated innate immune system in the urinary tract designed to rapidly clear infecting pathogens; however, it also evokes harmful side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.uti-0024-2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,21]],"date-time":"2016-12-21T12:46:55Z","timestamp":1482324415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Innate Immune Responses to Bladder Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Byron W.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soman N.","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology"},{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Microbiology"},{"name":"Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710"},{"name":"Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu XR Kong XP Pellicer A Kreibich G Sun TT. 2009. 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