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Historically, the genetic intractability of this intracellular pathogen has hindered the molecular dissection of virulence factors contributing to its pathogenesis. The obligate intracellular life cycle of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>\n            and restrictions on the use of antibiotics as selectable markers have impeded the development of molecular tools to genetically manipulate these pathogens. However, recent developments in the field have resulted in significant gains in our ability to alter the genome of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which will expedite the elucidation of virulence mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the challenges affecting the development of molecular genetic tools for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>\n            and the work that laid the foundation for recent advancements in the genetic analysis of this recalcitrant pathogen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00071-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T02:07:05Z","timestamp":1459390025000},"page":"411-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Emancipating Chlamydia: Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of a Recalcitrant Intracellular Pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Bastidas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for the Genomics of Microbial Systems, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael H.","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for the Genomics of Microbial Systems, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.62.081307.162818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.028225-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2008.00516.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp030542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldm034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.2.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/10.Supplement_2.S274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"429","article-title":"Studies on the etiology of trachoma with special reference to isolation of the virus in chick embryo","volume":"75","author":"Tang FF","year":"1957","unstructured":"Tang FF, Chang HL, Huang YT, Wang KC. 1957. 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