{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:31:35Z","timestamp":1792477895870,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5U19AI166798"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U19AI166798"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5U19AI166058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U19AI166058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5R21AI166614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21AI166614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Coccidioides immitis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Coccidioides posadasii<\/jats:italic>\n            are fungal pathogens that cause systemic mycoses and are prevalent in arid regions in the Americas. While\n            <jats:italic>C. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n            mainly occurs in California and Washington,\n            <jats:italic>C. posadasii<\/jats:italic>\n            is widely distributed across North and South America. Both species induce coccidioidomycosis (San Joaquin Valley fever or, more commonly, Valley fever), with reported cases surging in the United States, notably in California and Arizona. Moreover, cases in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico are on the rise. Climate change and environmental alterations conducive to\n            <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. proliferation have been recently explored. Diagnostic challenges contribute to delayed treatment initiation, compounded by limited therapeutic options. Although antifungal drugs are often effective treatments, some patients do not respond to current therapies, underscoring the urgent need for a vaccine, particularly for vulnerable populations over 60 years old relocating to endemic areas. Despite recent progress, gaps persist in the understanding of\n            <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n            ecology, host immune responses, and vaccine development. This review synthesizes recent research advancements in\n            <jats:italic>Coccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n            ecology, genomics, and immune responses, emphasizing ongoing efforts to develop a human vaccine.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00161-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T13:01:06Z","timestamp":1728046866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["From soil to clinic: current advances in understanding\n            <i>Coccidioides<\/i>\n            and coccidioidomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Katrina M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University","place":["Flagstaff, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus de Melo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University","place":["Flagstaff, USA"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia-DF","place":["Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3439-4517","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bridget M.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University","place":["Flagstaff, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University","place":["Flagstaff, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1406.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00550-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.151565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01976-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13112109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GH000209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00202-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2022. Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) statistics. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/diseases\/coccidioidomycosis\/statistics.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.070832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myae024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47388-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8070666"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2509.190019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5030054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-041020-111511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022GH000642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GH000504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00362177685190261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.22.2.165-167.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.31.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"178","article-title":"The geographic distribution of Coccidioides immitis and possible ecologic implications","volume":"15","author":"Maddy KT","year":"1958","unstructured":"MaddyKT. 1958. The geographic distribution of Coccidioides immitis and possible ecologic implications. Ariz Med 15:178\u2013188.","journal-title":"Ariz Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jammi-2022-0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.581101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-022-00606-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2302.160505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00122-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2018.1509667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myt001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a119834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2019.1589363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxz004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.87.3.500-503.1964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.27.2.379-388.1974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02051479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0049-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2019.100317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01483-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-019-00391-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00598-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9030345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-002-0155-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.087551.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00149-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.103911.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkac031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkab132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8121235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071406098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15572536.2003.11833250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2501.180411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7050366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01404-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710448105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00040-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.04.531116:2023.03.04.531116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkac031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7050377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.595301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.11.4227-4229.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.39.3.1201-1207.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.34.2.347-353.1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01579-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01066-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7080630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.796114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3199-7_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8100991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05726-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00459-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3287-3289.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12010067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00633-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.790488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8080838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2022.03.002"}],"container-title":["Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mmbr.00161-23","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mmbr.00161-23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T14:02:30Z","timestamp":1734530550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mmbr.00161-23"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Heitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mmbr.00161-23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.00161-23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-2172","1098-5557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-2172","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00161-23"}}