{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:14:34Z","timestamp":1791825274235,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-15-00066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-15-00066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Influenza viruses remain a serious global health problem, causing annual epidemics and potential pandemics with significant morbidity and mortality. Antiviral therapy, particularly with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), is a critical component of influenza control. This comprehensive review analyzes the current landscape of DAA drugs, with special attention paid to the complexity of synthesis, pharmacokinetic properties, and the development of antiviral resistance. We evaluated approved treatments, including neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, viral RNA polymerase inhibitors, hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitors, and M2 ion channel blockers. We identify several critical obstacles to effective treatment: (i) the high genetic variability of influenza viruses, which facilitates the emergence of resistance, particularly in the case of M2 blockers (widespread) and, to a lesser but concerning extent, NA and polymerase inhibitors, both through natural evolution and selective pressure during drug treatment, and (ii) the suboptimal pharmacokinetic profiles of many existing drugs. This review provides a crucial framework for evaluating existing and investigational drugs for influenza, emphasizing the need to develop balanced therapeutic strategies that consider efficacy, resistance management, and global accessibility. The novelty of this review is a comprehensive comparative analysis of not only the drugs officially recommended by the WHO but also a wide range of other anti-influenza drugs approved in individual countries or under development. We have identified key comparative aspects that are discussed in detail here and are not always brought together in other reviews. The purpose of the article is to provide a generalized overview of the current state of knowledge, identify key trends and problems, and discuss future prospects without providing new primary data or experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00441-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:07:34Z","timestamp":1781010454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effective influenza treatment: a comprehensive review of challenges and advances"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Pomeshikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/045sc8e83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Federal Research Centre \u201cFundamentals of Biotechnology\u201d of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS)","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Poromov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03bk73w20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dn9h927","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"RUDN University, Institute of Medicine, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Schmidtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035rzkx15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Section Experimental Virology, Jena University Hospital","place":["Jena, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-2694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vadim","family":"Makarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/045sc8e83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Federal Research Centre \u201cFundamentals of Biotechnology\u201d of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Centre of Biotechnology RAS)","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Pandemic influenza severity assessment (PISA): a WHO guide to assess the severity of influenza in seasonal epidemics and pandemics (2017). WHO Reference Number: WHO\/WHE\/IHM\/GIP\/2017.2. 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/pandemic-influenza-severity-assessment-(-pisa)-a-who-guide-to-assess-the-severity-of-influenza-in-seasonal-epidemics-and-pandemics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Buda S Prahm K D\u00fcrrwald R Biere B. 2018. Bericht zur Epidemiologie der Influenza in Deutschland Saison 2017\/18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"2026. Influenza (Avian and Other Zoonotic). Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(avian-and-other-zoonotic"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.7193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01072-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03020-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01307-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"2024. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Influenza. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240097759"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809502900312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Amantadine: a review of use in child and adolescent psychiatry","volume":"22","author":"Hosenbocus S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hosenbocus S, Chahal R. 2013. Amantadine: a review of use in child and adolescent psychiatry. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 22:55\u201360.","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c03093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.93.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03947-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2413156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2006.00006.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199921040-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70717-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.029470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo01122a013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-021-02843-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200767130-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986708784049658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2011.03.182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27224-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-007-0974-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10040184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2008.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617020114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02141-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00772858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9673(97)01006-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2006.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2019.03.000127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2009.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70227-3_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70227-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(74)90276-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.2.1099-1106.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00731185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2013.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008965.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.6b02131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560040606"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja963036t"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326110-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00360-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350501000805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00333-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01755-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0481-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-3542(00)00103-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-894x(02)00732-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm100822f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201308142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm401492x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.2.1186-1194.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01434-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm300455c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-4-723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm2013503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0694-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06159-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02335-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Investigation of ingavirin antiviral activity against season influenza virus A\/A(H1N1) in MDCK cell culture","volume":"54","author":"Galegov GA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galegov GA, Andronova VL, Nebolsin VE. 2009. Investigation of ingavirin antiviral activity against season influenza virus A\/A(H1N1) in MDCK cell culture. Antibiot Khimioter 54:19\u201322.","journal-title":"Antibiot Khimioter"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effect of the antiviral drug Ingaviruin on intracellular transformations and import into the nucleus of influenza A virus nucleocapsid protein","volume":"55","author":"Semenova NP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Semenova NP, Prokudina EN, Livov DK, Nebol\u2019sin VE. 2010. Effect of the antiviral drug Ingaviruin on intracellular transformations and import into the nucleus of influenza A virus nucleocapsid protein. Vopr Virusol 55:17\u201320.","journal-title":"Vopr Virusol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of Ingavirin, a novel Russian chemotherapeutic, with respect to influenza pathogen A (H5N1)","volume":"55","author":"Loginova SI","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loginova SI, Borisevich SV, Shkliaeva OM, Maksimov VA, Bondarev VP, Nebol\u2019sin VE. 2010. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of Ingavirin, a novel Russian chemotherapeutic, with respect to influenza pathogen A (H5N1). Antibiot Khimioter 55:10\u201312.","journal-title":"Antibiot Khimioter"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Ingavirin against strains of pandemic influenza virus A(A(H1N1)\/09)v","author":"Shishkina LN","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shishkina LN, Nebol\u2019sin VE, Kabanov AS, Skarnovich MO, Mazurkova NA, Sergeev AA, Serova OA, Stavski\u012d EA, Drozdov IG. 2011. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of Ingavirin against strains of pandemic influenza virus A(A(H1N1)\/09)v. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol, no. 2:93\u201396.","journal-title":"Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"In vivo efficacy of Ingavirin against pandemic A (H1N1\/09)v influenza virus","volume":"55","author":"Shishkina LN","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shishkina LN, Nebol\u2019sin VE, Skarnovich MO, Kabanov AS, Sergeev AA, Erdyneeva UB, Serova OA, Demina OK, Agafonov AP, Stavski\u012d EA, Drozdov IG. 2010. In vivo efficacy of Ingavirin against pandemic A (H1N1\/09)v influenza virus. Antibiot Khimioter 55:32\u201335.","journal-title":"Antibiot Khimioter"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Current principles in the chemoprophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections","volume":"85","author":"Shul\u2019diakov AA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shul\u2019diakov AA, Liapina EP, Kuznetsov VI. 2013. Current principles in the chemoprophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections. Ter Arkh 85:27\u201333.","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph4121518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17816\/EID40907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206582200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.68.3.1551-1563.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2010.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm401340p"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06531"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2006.10.092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm301538e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216526110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja508461m"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002745.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-007-0535-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","first-page":"435","article-title":"Inactivation of influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by oxidized spermine","volume":"6","author":"Bachrach U","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bachrach U, Don S. 1970. Inactivation of influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by oxidized spermine. Isr J Med Sci 6:435\u2013437.","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-4-767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chin.198419231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","first-page":"278","article-title":"Effect of a new antiviral compound 1-morpholinomethyltetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone on the interaction of influenza virus proteins with flat lipid membranes","volume":"33","author":"Tverdislov VA","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tverdislov VA, Kharitonenkov IG, Sukhanov SV, Galabov AS. 1988. Effect of a new antiviral compound 1-morpholinomethyltetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone on the interaction of influenza virus proteins with flat lipid membranes. Vopr Virusol 33:278\u2013281.","journal-title":"Vopr Virusol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Antiviral effect of 1-morpholinomethyl-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DD-13) in experimental alphaviral infections in white mice","volume":"35","author":"Karparov A","year":"1985","unstructured":"Karparov A, Galabov AS, Sidzhakova D, Danchev D. 1985. Antiviral effect of 1-morpholinomethyl-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DD-13) in experimental alphaviral infections in white mice. Arzneimittelforschung 35:1269\u20131275.","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Alteration in the antigenic structure of M1 protein of influenza A virus mutant resistant to a new antiviral compound mopyridone","volume":"38","author":"Galabov AS","year":"1994","unstructured":"Galabov AS, Khristova ML, Uzunov S, Wassilewa L, Bucher DJ, Kharitonenkov IG. 1994. Alteration in the antigenic structure of M1 protein of influenza A virus mutant resistant to a new antiviral compound mopyridone. Acta Virol 38:5\u201310.","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","first-page":"931","article-title":"Toxicity and enzyme-inducing effect of the antiviral compound mopyridone in mice","volume":"46","author":"Tantcheva LP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tantcheva LP, Rangelova DS. 1996. Toxicity and enzyme-inducing effect of the antiviral compound mopyridone in mice. Arzneimittelforschung 46:931\u2013933.","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36233\/0507-4088-2020-65-1-16-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","volume-title":"WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic Influenza A(A(H1N1)) 2009 and Other Influenza Viruses","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2010. WHO Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Pandemic Influenza A(A(H1N1)) 2009 and Other Influenza Viruses. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0487-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1530-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","unstructured":"Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. 2011. Report on the deliberation results \u2013 avigan. Evaluation and Licensing Division Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau. Japan"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06164-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.3.981-986.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01217-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01156-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00649-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02346-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.13.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10110610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix606"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00933-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1922-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz656"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_143_2","unstructured":"Furuta Y Egawa H. 2000. Derives heterocycliques azotes de carboxamide ou certains de leurs sels et antiviraux les contenant les deux. Patent WO2000010569A1."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2012.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2014.01028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy547"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm5007275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04623-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.636464"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S2059798316000085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02375-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_152_2","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. 2016. A Phase 2 Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics Safety and Antiviral Activity of JNJ-63623872 in Combination with Oseltamivir in Adult and Elderly Hospitalized Patients with Influenza A Infection"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_153_2","unstructured":"Park B. 2020. Pimodivir influenza development program discontinued"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_154_2","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. 2021. A Phase 3 Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pimodivir in Combination with the Standard-of-Care Treatment in Adolescent Adult and Elderly Hospitalized Patients with Influenza A Infection. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw172.508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01350-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm400645w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15010028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2510.190607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.3.1800666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.03026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_168_2","volume-title":"Patent Summary for KR-101981912-B1, Substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative and prodrug thereof","author":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","year":"2025","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2025. Patent Summary for KR-101981912-B1, Substituted polycyclic pyridone derivative and prodrug thereof"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11172-008-0130-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01186-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17816\/KMJ2018-215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2023.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.7961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_176_2","unstructured":"Chupakhin ON Rusinov VL Ulomsky EN Charushin VN. 2007. 2-methylthio-6-nitro-1 2 4-triazolo[5 1-c] - 1 2 4-triazine-7(4h) - one sodium salt hydrate possessing antivirus activity. Patent number: 2294936 issued"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37489\/0235-2990-2021-66-5-6-58-71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37489\/0235-2990-2021-66-5-6-48-57"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37489\/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-24-32"}],"container-title":["Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mmbr.00441-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mmbr.00441-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:03:53Z","timestamp":1790255033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mmbr.00441-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Dong-Yan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":178,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mmbr.00441-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.00441-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-2172","1098-5557"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-2172","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5557","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00441-25"}}