{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:55:57Z","timestamp":1788926157393,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AuthorWarrantyLicense.v1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R01AI177604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI177604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HHS | NIH | NIAID | Division of Intramural Research","award":["ZIA AI001175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA AI001175"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n , an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, predominately colonizes the human skin long term leading to subsequent life-threatening invasive infections. Fungal morphology is believed to play a critical role in modulating mucocutaneous antifungal immunity. In this study, we used an intradermal mouse model of\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n infection to examine fungal colonization and the associated innate and adaptive immune response to yeast and filamentous\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n strains. Our results indicate that mice infected with a filamentous\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n had significantly decreased fungal load compared to mice infected with the yeast form. Mice infected with yeast and filamentous forms of\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n stimulated distinct innate immune responses. Phagocytic cells (CD11b\n +<\/jats:sup>\n Ly6G\n +<\/jats:sup>\n neutrophils, CD11b\n +<\/jats:sup>\n Ly6C\n hi<\/jats:sup>\n inflammatory monocytes, and CD11b\n +<\/jats:sup>\n MHCII\n +<\/jats:sup>\n CD64\n +<\/jats:sup>\n macrophages) were differentially recruited to mouse skin tissue infected with yeast and filamentous\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n . The percentage and absolute number of interleukin 17 (IL-17) producing innate lymphoid cells, TCR\u03b3\u03b4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n , and CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T cells in the skin tissue of mice infected with filamentous\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n were significantly increased compared to the wild-type of yeast strain. Furthermore, complementation of filamentous mutant strain of\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n (\u0394\n elm1 + ELM1<\/jats:italic>\n ) strain exhibited wild-type yeast morphology\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n and induced comparable level of skin immune responses similar to mice infected with yeast strain. Collectively, our findings indicate that yeast and filamentous\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n induce distinct local immune responses in the skin. The decreased fungal load observed in mouse skin infected with filamentous\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n is associated with a potent IL-17 immune response induced by this morphotype.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n is a globally emerging fungal pathogen that transmits among individuals in hospitals and nursing home residents. Unlike other\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species,\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n predominantly colonizes and persists in skin tissue resulting in outbreaks of systemic infections. Understanding the factors that regulate\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n skin colonization and host immune response is critical to develop novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against this emerging pathogen. We identified that yeast and filamentous forms of\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n induce distinct skin immune responses in the skin. These findings may help explain the differential colonization and persistence of\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n morphotypes in skin tissue. Understanding the skin immune responses induced by yeast and filamentous\n C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n is important to develop novel vaccine strategies to combat this emerging fungal pathogen.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00055-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T13:02:04Z","timestamp":1718974924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Yeast and filamentous\n Candida auris<\/i>\n stimulate distinct immune responses in the skin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Garrett","family":"Bryak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2262-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4994-9500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michail S.","family":"Lionakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0031-2392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shankar","family":"Thangamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Purdue Institue of Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (PI4D), West Lafayette, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040807"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02215-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01383-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27545-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00371-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0187-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00151-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf8972"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01820-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24095-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao1503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00826-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00406-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31201-x"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00055-24","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00055-24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T13:11:49Z","timestamp":1722345109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/msphere.00055-24"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Aaron 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