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Here, we report a 47.89%\n            <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n            infection prevalence in a colony of vampire bats inhabiting the tropical rainforest of Costa Rica. The bacterium induced placentitis and fetal death in bats. Wide-range phenotypic and genotypic characterization placed the\n            <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n            organisms as a new pathogenic species named\n            <jats:italic>Brucella nosferati<\/jats:italic>\n            sp. nov., isolated from bat tissues, including the salivary glands, suggesting feeding behavior might favor transmission to their prey. Overall analyses placed\n            <jats:italic>B. nosferati<\/jats:italic>\n            as the etiological agent of a reported canine brucellosis case, demonstrating its potential for infecting other hosts. To assess the putative prey hosts, we analyzed the intestinal contents of 14 infected and 23 non-infected bats by proteomics. A total of 54,508 peptides sorted into 7,203 unique peptides corresponding to 1,521 proteins were identified. Twenty-three wildlife and domestic taxa, including humans, were foraged by\n            <jats:italic>B. nosferati<\/jats:italic>\n            -infected\n            <jats:italic>D. rotundus<\/jats:italic>\n            , suggesting contact of this bacterium with a broad range of hosts. Our approach is appropriate for detecting, in a single study, the prey preferences of vampire bats in a diverse area, demonstrating its suitability for control strategies where vampire bats thrive.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The discovery that a high proportion of vampire bats in a tropical area is infected with pathogenic\n              <jats:italic>Brucella nosferati<\/jats:italic>\n              and that bats forage on humans and many wild and domestic animals is relevant from the perspective of emerging disease prevention. Indeed, bats harboring\n              <jats:italic>B. nosferati<\/jats:italic>\n              in their salivary glands may transmit this pathogenic bacterium to other hosts. This potential is not trivial since, besides the demonstrated pathogenicity, this bacterium possesses all the required virulent arsenal of dangerous\n              <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n              organisms, including those that are zoonotic for humans. Our work has settled the basis for future surveillance actions in brucellosis control programs where these infected bats thrive. Moreover, our strategy to identify the foraging range of bats may be adapted for exploring the feeding habits of diverse animals, including arthropod vectors of infectious diseases, and therefore of interest to a broader audience besides experts on\n              <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n              and bats.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00061-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T13:01:47Z","timestamp":1688562107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Virulent\n            <i>Brucella nosferati<\/i>\n            infecting\n            <i>Desmodus rotundus<\/i>\n            has emerging potential due to the broad foraging range of its bat host for humans and wild and domestic animals"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Mora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Microbiolog\u00eda M\u00e9dico Veterinaria, Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal (SENASA), Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda , Heredia, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0865-0772","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Chac\u00f3n-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Facultad de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Costa Rica , San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Moreira-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of 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