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A study estimated that over a billion\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            gastroenteritis cases and up to 33 million typhoid cases occur annually worldwide, with 3.5 million deaths. Although many\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            strains with a broad host range present preferential associations with certain host species, it is not clear what determines the various levels of host adaptation. Here, causal properties of host associations were determined with allelic variants of three colonization factors of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Newport, a most frequent zoonotic serovar. This is the first study that related not only individual but also a small group of host-associated gene variants with functional properties that cooperate to determine the level of host-adapted virulence. The detected associations should help to identify sources of\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            infections in both humans and animals.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00066-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,10]],"date-time":"2017-03-10T17:16:12Z","timestamp":1489166172000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cooperation of Adhesin Alleles in\n            <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n            -Host Tropism"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Leon","family":"De Masi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changmin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey V.","family":"Rakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley C.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter M.","family":"Schifferli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Salmonella in domestic animals","author":"Sanderson KE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sanderson KE Nair S . 2013. 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