{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:54:23Z","timestamp":1785405263660,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK128805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK128805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI177875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI177875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014895","name":"Open Philanthropy Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a high-priority, emerging fungal pathogen frequently isolated from urine in healthcare settings. These isolates are often associated with indwelling urinary catheters, a primary risk factor for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Despite its clinical prevalence, the mechanisms of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization and pathogenesis within the bladder remain poorly understood. In this study, we screened\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from diverse clades using an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm model and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      murine models of uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI. While\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm formation varied among isolates, the presence of a catheter\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly enhanced fungal burden in the bladder. Notably, one strain (B11103) caused rapid systemic dissemination and mortality. To address this, we evaluated a liquid-infused silicone (LIS) catheter coating, which has previously shown efficacy against other uropathogens. The LIS coating significantly reduced\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      attachment\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and, crucially, mitigated fungal burden on both the catheter and bladder tissue\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      across all tested strains. For the hypervirulent B11103 strain, LIS catheters also significantly reduced dissemination to the kidneys and bloodstream. Furthermore, cytokine analysis revealed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      CAUTI upregulates IL-6, CSF3, and CXCL1; importantly, this damaging inflammatory response was also dampened by the LIS catheter. These findings demonstrate that catheterization potentiates\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      pathogenicity and identify LIS catheters as a promising, antimicrobial-sparing strategy to prevent colonization, systemic spread, and inflammation during\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      CAUTI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        This research addresses the critical public health challenge posed by the emergence of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candidozyma auris,<\/jats:italic>\n                        elucidating its pathogenesis in the urinary tract, the second-most common yet understudied reservoir. Here, we find that\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                        exhibits plasticity in its ability to form biofilms in urine and cause uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs). Importantly, we show that our liquid-infused silicone (LIS) catheters effectively disrupt this cycle by reducing fungal burden, preventing systemic spread, and dampening the damaging host inflammatory response. This work establishes the urinary tract as a critical niche for systemic entry and provides a validated strategy for infection prevention. Urinary catheters make\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                        dangerous, but this liquid-infused silicone coating is fighting back.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00098-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:00:10Z","timestamp":1776258010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liquid-infused silicone catheters reduce fungal burden and inflammation in\n                    <i>Candidozyma auris<\/i>\n                    bladder infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7396-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa Ann","family":"La Bella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009yjbg58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope","family":"Akegbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009yjbg58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01adr0w49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine","place":["Orono, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01adr0w49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine","place":["Orono, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6453-4904","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felipe H.","family":"Santiago-Tirado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009yjbg58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4610-4246","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Lidia","family":"Flores-Mireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009yjbg58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame","place":["Notre Dame, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Alastruey-Izquierdo A. 2022. WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research development and public health action. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-032521-015858"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011843"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2008.00083.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2402635"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf8972"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-8579(00)00359-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Haider MZ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haider MZ, Annamaraju P. 2023. Bladder catheterization. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/sci2503-228"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46974-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-025-01065-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Bono MJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bono MJ, Leslie SW. 2025. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (nursing). In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing LLC, Treasure Island, FL."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade7689"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"La Bella AA Gervais NC Kohler KN Obernuefemann CLP Jacobsen ID Shapiro RS Caparon MG Hultgren SJ Flores-Mireles AL Santiago-Tirado FH. 2025. The unique Efg1 fungal virulence regulon in the catheterized bladder environment. bioRxiv:2025.11.06.686417. doi:10.1101\/2025.11.06.686417","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.11.06.686417"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.75798"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10010023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00767-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53588-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60876-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/52892"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0780-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.88178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00711-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00856-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1771218"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02748-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00817-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00842-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307544"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49748"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06036-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53829-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf1283"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00492"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.ESP-0009-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.864305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9100835"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315203110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902179106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1033707"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.72676"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.69699"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3887"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105952"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01653-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.611"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57797-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009384"}],"container-title":["mSphere"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00098-26","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/msphere.00098-26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T13:03:36Z","timestamp":1781096616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/msphere.00098-26"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ira J.","family":"Blader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/msphere.00098-26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00098-26","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.64898\/2026.02.05.703977","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2379-5042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2379-5042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00098-26"}}