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At the ocular surface, HAdVs cause keratoconjunctivitis (E. Ford, K. E. Nelson, and D. Warren, Epidemiol Rev 9:244\u2013261, 1987, and C. M. Robinson, D. Seto, M. S. Jones, D. W. Dyer, and J. Chodosh, Infect Genet Evol 11:1208\u20131217, 2011, doi:10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.031)\u2014a highly contagious infection that accounts for nearly 60% of conjunctivitis cases in the United States (R. P. Sambursky, N. Fram, and E. J. Cohen, Optometry 78:236\u2013239, 2007, doi:10.1016\/j.optm.2006.11.012, and A. M. Pihos, J Optom 6:69\u201374, 2013, doi:10.1016\/j.optom.2012.08.003). The infection begins with HAdV entry within ocular surface epithelial cells; however, the mechanisms used by HAdVs to transit the otherwise protective mucosal barrier of ocular surface epithelial cells prior to entry remain unknown. Here, we report that the highly virulent keratoconjunctivitis-causing HAdV-D37 induces release of the extracellular domain (ectodomain) of MUC16, a major component of the mucosal barrier of ocular surface epithelial cells, prior to infecting underlying cells. Currently, there is no specific treatment for controlling this infection. Understanding the early steps involved in the pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis and using this information to intercept adenoviral entry within cells may guide the development of novel strategies for controlling the infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00112-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T13:29:14Z","timestamp":1454678954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis-Causing Adenoviruses Induce MUC16 Ectodomain Release To Infect Ocular Surface Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Balaraj B.","family":"Menon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Spurr-Michaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Rajaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Chodosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilene K.","family":"Gipson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00595-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000170693.13326.fb"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"493","article-title":"New paradigms in infectious eye disease: adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"81","author":"Rajaiya J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rajaiya J Chodosh J . 2006. 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