{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:37:46Z","timestamp":1785411466265,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Start-up funds from the University of South Alabama Medical School"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mSphere"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect a broad patient population and inflict a substantial financial burden on the U.S. healthcare system. While uropathogenic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (UPEC) causes the majority of cases, other pathogens are emerging. Patient data from our healthcare system in the Gulf Coast region of Alabama revealed that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounted for 4.0% of UTI cases, roughly double the national average, prompting further investigation into this historically understudied uropathogen. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic assays on 55 urinary\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates to characterize genomic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence-associated phenotypes in the context of UTI. Multilocus sequence typing identified 19 strains with novel sequence types, underscoring the uncharacterized diversity of urinary\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Serotype O6 was most common and enriched in patients with indwelling catheters, whereas O4 was linked to diabetes mellitus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) revealed high levofloxacin resistance (29.1%), with 14.5% multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 9.1% extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates. Resistance patterns correlated with demographics, including higher meropenem and aztreonam resistance among isolates from African American patients. Phenotypic assays of growth, motility, and biofilm formation revealed negative correlations between antibiotic resistance and virulence. Specific virulence genes correlated with enhanced iron acquisition, hemolysis, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization. Notably, motility and exotoxin profiles were associated with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ascension in a murine UTI model. Together, these findings provide insight into the diversity, resistance, and virulence characteristics of urinary\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates and highlight the need for further study of this emerging uropathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        is an emerging but understudied pathogen in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Given its resilience, adaptability, and the growing threat of multidrug resistance,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        remains a significant challenge in clinical microbiology and infection control. Using genomic sequencing, phenotypic assays, a murine infection model, and detailed patient metadata, we characterized 55 urinary clinical isolates and identified substantial genomic diversity, including 19 strains with previously undescribed sequence types. We observed associations between antibiotic resistance patterns and patient demographics, as well as a negative relationship between resistance and virulence phenotypes. In addition, variations in traits such as flagellar alleles and exotoxin profiles were associated with differences in urinary tract colonization. These findings highlight the diversity of urinary\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        isolates and identify bacterial traits that may contribute to infection in the urinary tract.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00151-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:01:52Z","timestamp":1778677312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emerging pathogens in urinary tract infections: virulence and phenotypic characterization of\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2228-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Fleck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s7b5y08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama","place":["Mobile, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Gorodyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s7b5y08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama","place":["Mobile, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7131-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences","place":["Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University","place":["Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Research, Moderna TX","place":["Cambridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s7b5y08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama","place":["Mobile, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Gadjeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Research, Moderna TX","place":["Cambridge, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-3888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Allyson E.","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01s7b5y08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama","place":["Mobile, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01056-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025-7125(05)70542-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01635-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2019.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S185753"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2019. 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